Hyphenation ofпротивоэпидемическими
Syllable Division:
про-ти-во-э-пи-де-ми-че-ски-ми
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/prɐtʲɪvɐɛpʲɪdʲɪˈmʲit͡ɕɪskʲɪmʲɪ/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
0000001000
Primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable ('ми' in 'де-ми́-че-ски-ми').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, vowel reduction.
Closed syllable, palatalization.
Open syllable, vowel reduction.
Open syllable.
Closed syllable, palatalization.
Closed syllable, palatalization.
Closed syllable, palatalization.
Closed syllable, affricate onset.
Closed syllable, palatalization.
Closed syllable, palatalization.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: противо-
Proto-Slavic origin, denotes opposition.
Root: эпидем-
Greek origin, relates to epidemics.
Suffix: -ическ-ими
Slavic origin, forms adjectives and instrumental plural.
anti-epidemic
Translation: Anti-epidemic
Examples:
"Противоэпидемическими мерами удалось остановить распространение болезни."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Shares the 'эпидем-' root and '-ическ-ими' suffix, demonstrating consistent syllabification.
Shares the 'противо-' prefix, demonstrating consistent syllabification.
Shares the '-ическ-ими' suffix, demonstrating consistent syllabification.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Onset-Rime
Syllables are formed based on consonant onsets and vowel rimes.
Vowel Reduction
Unstressed vowels are reduced (e.g., 'o' to /ɐ/).
Palatalization
Consonants are palatalized before iotated vowels ('и').
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Consonant clusters are generally not broken unless exceptionally complex.
Vowel reduction is a significant factor in pronunciation and syllabification.
Summary:
The word 'противоэпидемическими' is a complex Russian adjective syllabified into ten syllables based on onset-rime structure, vowel reduction, and palatalization rules. The stress falls on the penultimate syllable. It's formed from the prefix 'противо-', root 'эпидем-', and suffixes '-ическ-ими'.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "противоэпидемическими" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "противоэпидемическими" is a complex adjective meaning "anti-epidemic" or "counter-epidemic" (in an instrumental plural form). It's a relatively long word, heavily reliant on prefixes and suffixes, typical of Russian morphology. Pronunciation involves a series of consonant clusters and vowel reductions, common in unstressed syllables.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: противо- (protivo-) - From Proto-Slavic protivo, meaning "against, opposite". Function: Denotes opposition or counteraction.
- Root: эпидем- (epidem-) - From Greek epí (upon) + dēmos (people), meaning "epidemic". Function: Core meaning related to the spread of disease.
- Suffix: -ическ- (-ichesk-) - A suffix forming adjectives from nouns, often denoting a quality or characteristic. Origin: Slavic.
- Suffix: -ими (-imi) - A suffix forming the instrumental plural of adjectives. Origin: Slavic.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: про-ти-во-э-пи-де-ми́-че-ски-ми.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/prɐtʲɪvɐɛpʲɪdʲɪˈmʲit͡ɕɪskʲɪmʲɪ/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:
| Syllable | IPA Transcription | Rule Application | Description | Exceptions/Special Cases |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| про | /prɐ/ | Onset-Rime: Consonant cluster 'pr' forms the onset, followed by the vowel 'o' forming the rime. | Open syllable. | Vowel reduction of 'o' to /ɐ/ in unstressed position. |
| ти | /tʲɪ/ | Onset-Rime: 't' is the onset, 'и' is the rime. Palatalization of 't' due to following 'и'. | Closed syllable. | 'и' is a iotated vowel. |
| во | /vɐ/ | Onset-Rime: 'v' is the onset, 'o' is the rime. | Open syllable. | Vowel reduction of 'o' to /ɐ/ in unstressed position. |
| э | /ɛ/ | Single vowel syllable. | Open syllable. | |
| пи | /pʲɪ/ | Onset-Rime: 'p' is the onset, 'и' is the rime. Palatalization of 'p' due to following 'и'. | Closed syllable. | 'и' is a iotated vowel. |
| де | /dʲɪ/ | Onset-Rime: 'd' is the onset, 'е' is the rime. Palatalization of 'd' due to following 'и'. | Closed syllable. | 'е' is pronounced as /ʲɛ/ after a palatalized consonant. |
| ми | /mʲɪ/ | Onset-Rime: 'm' is the onset, 'и' is the rime. Palatalization of 'm' due to following 'и'. | Closed syllable. | 'и' is a iotated vowel. |
| че | /t͡ɕɪ/ | Onset-Rime: 'ч' (t͡ɕ) is the onset, 'е' is the rime. | Closed syllable. | 'ч' is an affricate. |
| ски | /skʲɪ/ | Onset-Rime: 'ск' is the onset, 'и' is the rime. Palatalization of 'к' due to following 'и'. | Closed syllable. | 'и' is a iotated vowel. |
| ми | /mʲɪ/ | Onset-Rime: 'm' is the onset, 'и' is the rime. Palatalization of 'm' due to following 'и'. | Closed syllable. | 'и' is a iotated vowel. |
7. Edge Case Review:
Russian syllabification generally avoids breaking consonant clusters unless they are particularly complex. The 'вэ' sequence is treated as a single syllable due to phonetic cohesion.
8. Grammatical Role:
The word is an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of grammatical function (e.g., if it were used as part of a noun phrase).
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: противоэпидемическими
- Part of Speech: Adjective
- Definitions:
- "anti-epidemic"
- "counter-epidemic"
- Translation: Anti-epidemic
- Synonyms: антивирусными (antiviral), защитными (protective)
- Antonyms: эпидемиологическими (epidemiological)
- Examples: "Противоэпидемическими мерами удалось остановить распространение болезни." (Anti-epidemic measures managed to stop the spread of the disease.)
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
Regional variations in vowel reduction might occur, but the core syllabification remains consistent. Some speakers might slightly alter the palatalization of consonants, but this doesn't affect syllable boundaries.
11. Phonological Comparison:
| Word | Syllables | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| эпидемиологическими (epidemiological) | э-пи-де-ми-о-ло-ги-че-ски-ми | Similar root (эпидем-), similar suffix structure (-ическ-), demonstrating consistent syllabification of these morphemes. |
| противовирусными (antiviral) | про-ти-во-ви-рус-ны-ми | Similar prefix (противо-), demonstrating consistent syllabification of the prefix. |
| профилактическими (preventive) | про-фи-лак-ти-че-ски-ми | Similar suffix structure (-ическ-), demonstrating consistent syllabification of the suffix. |
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