Hyphenation ofпсихоневрологическое
Syllable Division:
пси-хо-не-в-ро-ло-ги-че-ско-е
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/psʲɪxɐnʲɪvroɫɐˈɡʲit͡ɕɪskəjə/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
0000001001
Primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable ('ги' in 'гическое').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial consonant cluster.
Open syllable, vowel after consonant.
Open syllable, vowel after consonant, palatalization.
Closed syllable, consonant followed by vowel.
Open syllable, vowel after consonant.
Open syllable, vowel after consonant.
Open syllable, vowel after consonant, palatalization.
Open syllable, vowel after affricate.
Open syllable, vowel after consonant cluster.
Open syllable, vowel standing alone.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: психо-
From Greek ψυχή (psyche) meaning 'mind, soul'. Combining form.
Root: невролог-
From Greek νευρον (neuron) and λογος (logos). Denotes the study of the nervous system.
Suffix: -ическ-
Adjectival suffix of quality, Old Church Slavonic origin.
Relating to the branch of medicine dealing with the nervous system and mental disorders.
Translation: Psychoneurological
Examples:
"психоневрологическое отделение"
"психоневрологическое заболевание"
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar vowel-consonant alternation.
Complex structure with prefixes and suffixes.
Similar consonant clusters and vowel-consonant patterns.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Open Syllable Preference
Russian syllabification favors syllables ending in vowels.
Sonority Hierarchy
Consonants are grouped based on their sonority, influencing syllable boundaries.
Palatalization
Consonants are palatalized before front vowels, affecting syllable structure.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Acceptance of initial consonant clusters (пс-, ск-).
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables (regional variations).
Summary:
The word 'психоневрологическое' is a complex adjective syllabified based on the open syllable principle and sonority hierarchy. Stress falls on the penultimate syllable. It consists of a Greek-derived prefix 'психо-', a Greek-derived root 'невролог-', and adjectival suffixes '-ическ-' and '-ое'.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "психоневрологическое" (psikhonevrologicheskoye)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "психоневрологическое" is a complex adjective meaning "psychoneurological." It's a relatively long word, and its pronunciation involves several consonant clusters, which influence syllable division. The pronunciation is [psʲɪxɐnʲɪvroɫɐˈɡʲit͡ɕɪskəjə].
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize the open syllable principle (preferring syllables to end in a vowel), and considering the sonority hierarchy, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: психо- (psycho-) - From Greek ψυχή (psyche) meaning "mind, soul." Functions as a combining form denoting the mental or psychological.
- Root: невролог- (nevrolog-) - From Greek νευρον (neuron) meaning "nerve" and λογος (logos) meaning "study of". Denotes the study or function of the nervous system.
- Suffix: -ическ- (-ichesk-) - A suffix of quality, forming adjectives from nouns. Derived from Old Church Slavonic.
- Suffix: -ое (-oye) - Adjectival ending, indicating neuter gender, singular, nominative/accusative case.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: психоневрологическое.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/psʲɪxɐnʲɪvroɫɐˈɡʲit͡ɕɪskəjə/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:
- пси- /psʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel after consonant cluster. Exception: Initial consonant cluster is permissible.
- хо- /xɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel after consonant.
- не- /nʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel after consonant. Palatalization of 'н' due to following 'е'.
- в- /v/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant followed by vowel.
- ро- /ro/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel after consonant.
- ло- /ɫɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel after consonant.
- ги- /ɡʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel after consonant. Palatalization of 'г' due to following 'и'.
- че- /t͡ɕɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel after consonant. Affricate 'ч' is treated as a single consonant.
- ско- /skə/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel after consonant cluster.
- е- /jə/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel standing alone or followed by a consonant.
7. Edge Case Review:
The consonant clusters "пс-" and "ск-" are common in loanwords and are accepted in Russian syllabification. The palatalization of consonants before front vowels (е, и, ю, я) is a crucial aspect of Russian phonology and affects syllable structure.
8. Grammatical Role:
The word is primarily an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence.
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: психоневрологическое (psikhonevrologicheskoye)
- Translation: Psychoneurological
- Part of Speech: Adjective
- Definitions:
- Relating to the branch of medicine dealing with the nervous system and mental disorders.
- Synonyms: психиатрическое (psychiatric), невропатическое (neuropathic)
- Antonyms: здоровое (healthy)
- Examples:
- "психоневрологическое отделение" (psychoneurological department)
- "психоневрологическое заболевание" (psychoneurological illness)
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
While the standard pronunciation is as described above, some regional variations might exhibit slight differences in vowel reduction in unstressed syllables. However, these variations do not significantly alter the syllable division.
11. Phonological Comparison:
- библиотека (biblioteka) - би-бли-о-те-ка. Similar syllable structure with vowel-consonant alternation.
- геополитический (geopoliticheskiy) - гео-по-ли-ти-че-ский. Similar complex structure with prefixes and suffixes.
- философский (filosofskiy) - фи-ло-соф-ский. Similar consonant clusters and vowel-consonant patterns.
The differences in syllable division arise from the specific consonant and vowel sequences within each word, but the underlying principles of open syllable preference and sonority hierarchy remain consistent.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.