Hyphenation ofузкоспециализированному
Syllable Division:
уз-ко-спе-ци-а-ли-зи-ро-ван-но-му
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/ˈuzkəspʲɪt͡sɪəlʲɪˈrovənːəmʊ/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
00001100101
Primary stress falls on the sixth syllable (ли́), indicated by '1'. All other syllables are unstressed ('0').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial consonant.
Open syllable, vowel reduction.
Open syllable, consonant cluster, palatalization.
Open syllable, affricate onset.
Single vowel syllable.
Open syllable, palatalization.
Open syllable, palatalization.
Open syllable, initial consonant.
Open syllable, vowel reduction.
Open syllable, initial consonant.
Open syllable, vowel reduction.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: узко-
From 'узок' (narrow), intensifier, Proto-Slavic origin.
Root: специализирован-
From 'специальный' (special), core meaning, Latin origin via Polish/German.
Suffix: -ному
Dative/instrumental singular masculine/neuter case ending, Proto-Slavic origin.
Highly specialized
Translation: Highly specialized
Examples:
"Он работает в узкоспециализированном отделе."
"Нам нужен узкоспециализированный специалист."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Shares the root 'специаль-' and similar syllable structure.
Shares the root 'специаль-' and similar suffixation patterns.
Shares the root 'специаль-' and similar suffixation patterns, differing only in the prefix.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Sonority Hierarchy
Syllables are formed to maximize onsets and avoid single-letter syllables, following the sonority hierarchy.
Vowel Reduction
Unstressed vowels are reduced to schwa (/ə/) or other reduced forms.
Palatalization
Consonants are palatalized before front vowels (е, и, ё, ю, я).
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Vowel reduction can vary slightly depending on dialect.
Consonant cluster resolution follows general Russian phonotactic constraints.
Summary:
The word 'узкоспециализированному' is a complex adjective with 11 syllables, divided based on the sonority hierarchy and Russian phonological rules. It features vowel reduction, palatalization, and a clear stress pattern on the sixth syllable. The morphemic structure reveals a prefix, root, and suffix, each contributing to the word's meaning and grammatical function.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "узкоспециализированному" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "узкоспециализированному" is a long, adjectival form in Russian. It's derived from the verb "специализировать" (to specialize). The pronunciation involves a complex interplay of consonant clusters and vowel reduction, typical of Russian.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize the sonority hierarchy and avoidance of single-letter syllables, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- узко- (uzko-): Prefix, derived from "узок" (uzok - narrow). Function: Intensifier, indicating a high degree of specialization. Origin: Proto-Slavic.
- специализирован- (spetsializirovan-): Root, derived from "специальный" (spetsial'nyy - special). Function: Core meaning of specialization. Origin: Latin "specialis" via Polish/German.
- -ному (-nomu): Suffix, dative/instrumental singular masculine/neuter case ending for adjectival forms. Function: Grammatical case marking. Origin: Proto-Slavic.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the fifth syllable: уз-ко-спе-ци-а-ли́-зи-ро-ван-но-му.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/ˈuzkəspʲɪt͡sɪəlʲɪzʲɪˈrovənːəmʊ/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:
- уз (uz) - /ˈuz/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable begins with a consonant and ends with a vowel. No exceptions.
- ко (ko) - /ˈkə/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable begins with a consonant and ends with a vowel. Vowel reduction applies (о -> ə).
- спе (spe) - /spʲe/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable begins with a consonant cluster and ends with a vowel. Palatalization of 'п' before 'е'.
- ци (tsi) - /t͡sɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable begins with an affricate and ends with a vowel.
- а (a) - /a/ - Open syllable. Rule: Single vowel constitutes a syllable.
- ли (li) - /lʲi/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable begins with a consonant and ends with a vowel. Palatalization of 'л' before 'и'.
- зи (zi) - /zʲi/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable begins with a consonant and ends with a vowel. Palatalization of 'з' before 'и'.
- ро (ro) - /rɔ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable begins with a consonant and ends with a vowel.
- ван (van) - /vən/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable begins with a consonant and ends with a vowel. Vowel reduction applies (о -> ə).
- но (no) - /nɔ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable begins with a consonant and ends with a vowel.
- му (mu) - /mʊ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable begins with a consonant and ends with a vowel. Vowel reduction applies (у -> у).
7. Edge Case Review:
Russian allows for some flexibility in syllable division, particularly with consonant clusters. However, the above division adheres to the principle of maximizing onsets and avoiding single-letter syllables.
8. Grammatical Role:
The word is an adjective in the instrumental/dative singular masculine/neuter form. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of the case.
9. Definition & Semantics:
- узкоспециализированному (uzkospecializirovannomu)
- Part of Speech: Adjective
- Definitions:
- "Highly specialized" - "Глубоко специализированный"
- "Narrowly focused" - "Узко направленный"
- Translation: Highly specialized
- Synonyms: глубоко специализированный (gluboko spetsializirovanny), профильный (profil'nyy)
- Antonyms: общий (obshchiy - general), универсальный (universal'nyy - universal)
- Examples:
- "Он работает в узкоспециализированном отделе." (On rabotayet v uzkospecializirovannom otdelye.) - "He works in a highly specialized department."
- "Нам нужен узкоспециализированный специалист." (Nam nuzhen uzkospecializirovanny spetsialist.) - "We need a highly specialized specialist."
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
Vowel reduction can vary slightly depending on dialect. Some speakers might pronounce the unstressed 'о' closer to 'а' rather than 'ə'. This doesn't significantly alter the syllable division.
11. Phonological Comparison:
- специалист (spetsialist) - /spʲɪt͡sɪˈlʲist/ - 5 syllables. Similar structure, stress on the fourth syllable.
- специализация (spetsializatsiya) - /spʲɪt͡sɪəlʲɪˈzatsɪjə/ - 6 syllables. Similar root, stress on the fifth syllable.
- широкоспециализированный (shirokospecializirovanny) - /ʂɨrəkəspʲɪt͡sɪəlʲɪˈzʲɪrəvənːɨj/ - 8 syllables. Similar suffix and root, stress on the sixth syllable.
The syllable division in all these words follows the same principles: consonant clusters are broken up to create open syllables, and vowel reduction occurs in unstressed positions. The differences in syllable count are due to the varying lengths of prefixes and suffixes.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.