Hyphenation ofультрамикроскопические

Linguistic Analysis of "ультрамикроскопические" (ultramikroskopicheskiye)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "ультрамикроскопические" is a highly complex adjective meaning "ultramicroscopic." It's a relatively recent borrowing and adaptation into Russian, exhibiting characteristics of both native and borrowed morphology. Pronunciation involves a series of consonant clusters and vowel reductions typical of Russian.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize the sonority hierarchy and avoidance of syllable-initial consonant clusters (with exceptions), the word breaks down as follows (see "syllable_division" in the JSON output).

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: ультра- (ultra-) - From Latin ultra meaning "beyond, extremely." Functions as an intensifying prefix.
• Root: микро- (micro-) - From Greek mikros meaning "small." Forms the core meaning related to size.
• Suffix: -скопический (-skopicheskiy) - From Greek skopeō meaning "to view, examine." Forms an adjective denoting the ability to be viewed or examined under a microscope.
• Suffix: -ическ- (-ichesk-) - A common adjectival suffix in Russian, often used to form adjectives from nouns.
• Suffix: -ие (-iye) - Forms the short form adjective and indicates grammatical gender, number, and case.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: ултрамикроскопи́ческие.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/ʊlʲtrɐmʲɪkrɐskɐˈpʲit͡ɕɪskʲɪjə/

6. Edge Case Review:

The word presents challenges due to the long sequence of consonants. Russian generally avoids syllable-initial consonant clusters, but allows them after vowels. The vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is also a key feature.

7. Grammatical Role:

The word is primarily an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence.

8. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: Extremely small, visible only under an ultramicroscope.
• Grammatical Category: Adjective (прилагательное)
• Translation: Ultramicroscopic
• Synonyms: чрезвычайно малый (chrezvychayno malyy - extremely small), невидимый невооружённым глазом (nevidimyy nevooruzhennym glazom - invisible to the naked eye)
• Antonyms: крупный (krupnyy - large), видимый (vidimyy - visible)
• Examples:
  • "Ультрамикроскопические частицы." ("Ultramicroscopic particles.")
  • "Исследование ультрамикроскопических структур." ("Research of ultramicroscopic structures.")

9. Phonological Comparison:

• микроскоп (mikroskop - microscope): ми-кро-скоп /mʲɪˈkraskop/ - Similar root structure, demonstrating the typical syllabification of "микро-".
• телескоп (teleskop - telescope): те-ле-скоп /tʲɪˈlʲɛskəp/ - Shows how borrowed roots are divided into syllables, often following vowel-consonant patterns.
• фотокопия (fotokopiya - photocopy): фо-то-ко-пи-я /fɐˈtokɐpʲɪjə/ - Illustrates the syllabification of compound words with borrowed elements. The division is more regular due to the simpler consonant clusters.

The key difference in "ультрамикроскопические" is the length and complexity of the word, leading to a more intricate syllable structure and vowel reduction patterns.

10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

While the standard pronunciation is as given above, some speakers might exhibit slight variations in vowel reduction or consonant palatalization. However, these variations do not significantly alter the syllable division.

11. Division Rules:

• Sonority Principle: Syllables tend to be formed around vowel nuclei, with consonants grouped around them based on their sonority.
• Avoidance of Initial Consonant Clusters: Russian generally avoids starting a syllable with a consonant cluster, except after vowels.
• Vowel Reduction: Unstressed vowels are reduced in quality (e.g., /o/ becomes /ɐ/).