Hyphenation ofhjärt-kärlsjukdomarnas

Swedish Word Analysis: hjärt-kärlsjukdomarnas

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "hjärt-kärlsjukdomarnas" is a complex noun in Swedish, meaning "of the heart and vascular diseases." It's a genitive plural form, indicating possession or belonging. Pronunciation involves several consonant clusters and vowel qualities typical of Swedish.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Swedish syllabification rules, the word is divided as follows (using only original letters):

hjärt-kärl-sjuk-do-mar-nas

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• hjärt-: Root. From Old Norse hjarta meaning "heart." (Germanic origin)
• -kärl-: Root. From Old Norse karl meaning "vessel, blood vessel." (Germanic origin)
• -sjuk-: Root. From Old Norse sjúkr meaning "sick, ill." (Germanic origin)
• -dom-: Suffix. From Germanic roots, forming abstract nouns denoting a state or condition.
• -arnas: Suffix. Genitive plural marker. "-a" is the definite article suffix, and "-nas" is the genitive plural ending.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the syllable "-dom-".

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/hjæːrtˈkæːrlˌsjukˈdɔmɑːrˌnas/

6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:

• hjärt-: /hjæːrt/ - Open syllable. Rule: Consonant clusters are generally broken after the first consonant if a vowel follows. Exception: 'hj' is treated as a single onset.
• kärl-: /kæːrl/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Syllables end in a consonant.
• sjuk-: /sjuk/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel followed by consonant(s).
• do-: /dɔ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel followed by consonant(s).
• mar-: /mɑːr/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel followed by consonant(s).
• nas: /nas/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Syllables end in a consonant.

7. Edge Case Review:

The 'hj' cluster is a common exception, treated as a single onset. The long vowels /æː/ and /ɑː/ are typical of Swedish and influence syllable weight.

8. Grammatical Role:

The word is a noun in the genitive plural. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of grammatical case.

9. Definition & Semantics:

• Word: hjärt-kärlsjukdomarnas
• Part of Speech: Noun (genitive plural)
• Definitions:
  • "of the heart and vascular diseases"
  • "relating to cardiovascular illnesses"
• Translation: "of the heart and vascular diseases"
• Synonyms: (related terms) kardiovaskulära sjukdomarnas (cardiovascular diseases - more technical)
• Antonyms: (difficult to provide a direct antonym, as it's a disease category)
• Examples:
  • "Forskningen kring hjärt-kärlsjukdomarnas orsaker är viktig." (Research into the causes of heart and vascular diseases is important.)

10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

Regional variations in vowel pronunciation exist, but they don't significantly alter syllable division. Some dialects might have slightly different realizations of /æː/ or /ɑː/.

11. Phonological Comparison:

• blodtrycksmätaren (blood pressure monitor): blod-trycks-mä-ta-ren. Similar structure with compound roots and suffixes. Stress on "-mä-".
• lunginflammationen (pneumonia): lungs-in-flam-ma-tion-en. Similar compound structure. Stress on "-flam-".
• levercirrosen (liver cirrhosis): le-ver-cir-ro-sen. Similar structure with compound roots and suffixes. Stress on "-cir-".

The differences in stress placement are due to the inherent prosodic weight and morphological structure of each word. Compound words in Swedish often exhibit stress on the second element, but this isn't a rigid rule.