Hyphenation ofcounter-revolutionary
Syllable Division:
coun-ter-rev-o-lu-tion-a-ry
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/ˌkaʊntə(r)ˌrevəˈljuːʃənəri/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
00010000
Primary stress falls on the fourth syllable ('rev-o-lu-**tion**-a-ry'). Stress recedes towards the end due to multiple suffixes.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, onset consonant cluster.
Weak syllable, schwa vowel, potential for 'r' dropping.
Closed syllable, vowel followed by consonant.
Weak syllable, schwa vowel.
Open syllable, vowel followed by consonant.
Closed syllable, consonant cluster onset.
Weak syllable, schwa vowel.
Closed syllable, vowel followed by consonant.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: counter-
French origin, meaning 'against' or 'opposing', negative/oppositional function.
Root: revolu-
Latin origin (revolvere - to turn around), core meaning relating to revolution.
Suffix: -tionary
Latin/English origin, nominalizing suffix indicating relation to revolution.
Opposed to revolution; characterized by opposition to revolutionary movements or ideologies.
Examples:
"The counter-revolutionary forces attempted to overthrow the government."
A person who opposes revolution.
Examples:
"He was labeled a counter-revolutionary by the new regime."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Shares the '-tionary' suffix and similar root structure.
Shares the '-tionary' suffix and similar root structure.
Shares the '-tionary' suffix, demonstrating consistent syllabification of this morpheme.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Vowel-Consonant Division
Syllables are typically divided after vowels, especially when followed by a consonant.
Onset Maximization
Consonant clusters are generally included in the onset of the following syllable.
Schwa Syllable Formation
Unstressed schwa vowels often form weak syllables.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Potential for 'r' dropping in GB English pronunciation, particularly in the 'counter-' prefix.
Stress placement is crucial for intelligibility and can vary slightly depending on speaking rate.
Summary:
The word 'counter-revolutionary' is divided into eight syllables based on vowel-consonant patterns and onset maximization. It comprises a French prefix, a Latin root, and a Latin/English suffix. Primary stress falls on the fourth syllable. Syllabification remains consistent regardless of grammatical role, though pronunciation may vary regionally.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "counter-revolutionary" (English (GB))
1. Pronunciation Considerations:
The word "counter-revolutionary" presents challenges due to its compound structure and multiple morphemes. British English pronunciation generally exhibits non-rhoticity, meaning the 'r' sound is not pronounced after a vowel unless followed by another vowel. Stress placement is crucial for intelligibility.
2. Syllable Division:
Following English syllable division rules, which prioritize maximizing onsets (consonant clusters at the beginning of a syllable) and respecting vowel sounds, the division is as follows (using only original letters):
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: counter- (French origin, meaning "against" or "opposing"). Morphological function: negation/opposition.
- Root: revolu- (Latin revolvere - to turn around, roll back). Morphological function: core meaning relating to revolution.
- Suffix: -tionary (Latin -tionem + English -ary). Morphological function: nominalization (forming a noun) and indicating relation to revolution.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the fourth syllable: rev-o-lu-tion-a-ry. This is typical for words with multiple suffixes, with stress receding towards the end.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/ˌkaʊntə(r)ˌrevəˈljuːʃənəri/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
| Syllable | IPA Transcription | Rule Explanation | Potential Exceptions |
|---|---|---|---|
| coun- | /kaʊn/ | Vowel followed by consonant. Onset maximization. | None |
| ter- | /tə(r)/ | Vowel followed by consonant. Syllable division after a vowel. Non-rhoticity may omit the 'r'. | Regional variations in 'r' pronunciation. |
| rev- | /rev/ | Vowel followed by consonant. Onset maximization. | None |
| o- | /ə/ | Schwa vowel forms a weak syllable. | None |
| lu- | /luː/ | Vowel followed by consonant. | None |
| tion- | /ʃən/ | Consonant cluster followed by vowel. | None |
| a- | /ə/ | Schwa vowel forms a weak syllable. | None |
| ry- | /ri/ | Vowel followed by consonant. | None |
7. Edge Case Review:
The 'r' sound in "counter" is often dropped in GB English, leading to a potential simplification of the syllable structure. However, the syllable division remains based on the orthographic representation.
8. Grammatical Role:
"Counter-revolutionary" primarily functions as an adjective or a noun. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of grammatical role.
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: Opposed to revolution; characterized by opposition to revolutionary movements or ideologies.
- Grammatical Category: Adjective/Noun
- Synonyms: reactionary, conservative, anti-revolutionary
- Antonyms: revolutionary, progressive
- Examples: "The counter-revolutionary forces attempted to overthrow the government." "He was labeled a counter-revolutionary by the new regime."
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
Some speakers may pronounce the 'r' in "counter" more distinctly, particularly in regional accents. This doesn't alter the syllable division but affects the phonetic realization.
11. Phonological Comparison:
- revolutionary: rev-o-lu-tion-a-ry - Similar structure, stress on the penultimate syllable.
- evolutionary: e-vo-lu-tion-a-ry - Similar structure, stress on the penultimate syllable.
- stationary: sta-tion-a-ry - Similar suffix, stress on the second syllable.
The key difference lies in the initial prefix "counter-", which adds an extra syllable and shifts the stress pattern. The shared "-tionary" suffix maintains a consistent syllabic structure in all three words.
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