Hyphenation ofanti-intellectuals
Syllable Division:
an-ti-in-tel-lec-tu-als
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/ˌæntiˌɪntelˌɛkˈtuːəlz/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
0001010
Primary stress falls on the sixth syllable ('tu'). The stress pattern is indicative of a complex word with a prefix and multiple suffixes.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial syllable
Closed syllable
Closed syllable
Closed syllable
Closed syllable
Open syllable, stressed
Closed syllable
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: anti-
Greek origin, meaning 'against' or 'opposed to', negation
Root: intellect
Latin origin (*intellectus*), meaning 'understanding, reason', core meaning
Suffix: -ual
Latin origin, adjectival suffix forming adjectives relating to or characterized by
People who are hostile to or distrustful of intellect, intellectuals, or intellectual pursuits.
Examples:
"The politician appealed to the anti-intellectuals in his base."
"There's a growing trend of anti-intellectualism in society."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar structure with multiple syllables and consonant clusters.
Shares the '-cal' suffix and similar syllable structure.
Similar suffix '-cal' and syllable structure.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Vowel-Consonant (VC) Rule
Syllables are often divided after a vowel followed by a consonant.
Consonant Cluster Rule
When consonant clusters occur, they are generally maintained within a syllable unless a vowel intervenes.
Stress-Timing Rule
English is a stress-timed language, meaning syllables are adjusted in duration to accommodate stressed syllables.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The prefix 'anti-' is often treated as a single unit but is still divided into a syllable.
The complex consonant clusters require careful consideration for accurate syllabification.
Potential vowel reduction in 'anti-' to /ə/ in some dialects.
Summary:
The word 'anti-intellectuals' is divided into seven syllables: an-ti-in-tel-lec-tu-als. The primary stress falls on the sixth syllable ('tu'). It's a noun formed from the prefix 'anti-', the root 'intellect', and the suffixes '-ual' and '-s'. Syllabification follows standard US English rules based on vowel-consonant patterns and consonant cluster maintenance.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "anti-intellectuals" (US English)
1. Pronunciation Examination:
The word "anti-intellectuals" presents challenges due to its prefix, compound structure, and multiple consonant clusters. The pronunciation generally follows standard US English phonological rules, with a tendency towards stress on the fourth syllable.
2. Syllable Division:
Following US English syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: anti- (Greek origin, meaning "against" or "opposed to"). Morphological function: negation.
- Root: intellect (Latin origin, intellectus meaning "understanding, reason"). Morphological function: core meaning.
- Suffix: -ual (Latin origin, adjectival suffix forming adjectives relating to or characterized by). Morphological function: adjective formation.
- Suffix: -s (English suffix indicating plural). Morphological function: pluralization.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the fourth syllable: an-ti-in-tel-lec-tu-als.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/ˌæntiˌɪntelˌɛkˈtuːəlz/
6. Edge Case Review:
The sequence "-lec-tu-" can sometimes be simplified in rapid speech, but the standard pronunciation retains all segments. The initial "anti-" can sometimes be pronounced with a reduced vowel /ənti/, but /ænti/ is more common in careful speech.
7. Grammatical Role:
The word functions primarily as a noun (plural). While theoretically, "intellectual" could be used adjectivally, the prefixed form is almost exclusively a noun. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of grammatical context.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: People who are hostile to or distrustful of intellect, intellectuals, or intellectual pursuits.
- Grammatical Category: Noun (plural)
- Synonyms: anti-academics, unthinkers, philistines
- Antonyms: intellectuals, academics, thinkers
- Examples: "The politician appealed to the anti-intellectuals in his base." "There's a growing trend of anti-intellectualism in society."
9. Phonological Comparison:
- "individual": in-di-vi-du-al. Similar structure with multiple syllables and consonant clusters. Stress falls on the third syllable, unlike "anti-intellectuals".
- "practical": prac-ti-cal. Shorter, but shares the "-cal" suffix. Stress falls on the first syllable.
- "identical": i-den-ti-cal. Similar suffix "-cal" and syllable structure. Stress falls on the third syllable.
The differences in stress placement are due to the weight and prominence of the prefix "anti-" and the root "intellect" in "anti-intellectuals".
Detailed Syllable Breakdown & Rules:
Syllable | IPA Transcription | Description | Rule Applied | Exceptions/Special Cases |
---|---|---|---|---|
an | /æn/ | Open syllable, initial syllable | Vowel followed by consonant | None |
ti | /ti/ | Closed syllable | Consonant cluster followed by vowel | None |
in | /ɪn/ | Closed syllable | Consonant cluster followed by vowel | None |
tel | /tɛl/ | Closed syllable | Consonant cluster followed by vowel | None |
lec | /lɛk/ | Closed syllable | Consonant cluster followed by vowel | None |
tu | /tuː/ | Open syllable, stressed | Vowel followed by consonant | Potential vowel lengthening due to stress |
als | /əlz/ | Closed syllable | Consonant cluster followed by vowel | None |
Division Rules Applied:
- Vowel-Consonant (VC) Rule: Syllables are often divided after a vowel followed by a consonant (e.g., an-ti, in-tel).
- Consonant Cluster Rule: When consonant clusters occur, they are generally maintained within a syllable unless a vowel intervenes (e.g., -lec-tu-).
- Stress-Timing Rule: English is a stress-timed language, meaning syllables are adjusted in duration to accommodate stressed syllables.
Special Considerations:
The prefix "anti-" is often treated as a single unit, but it is still divided into a syllable. The complex consonant clusters require careful consideration to ensure accurate syllabification.
Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
Some speakers may reduce the vowel in "anti-" to /ə/, resulting in /ˌəntiˌɪntelˌɛkˈtuːəlz/. This doesn't significantly alter the syllable division.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the use of hyphens to join words or parts of words. It plays a crucial role in writing, ensuring clarity and readability.
In compound terms like 'check-in', the hyphen clarifies relationships between words. It also assists in breaking words at line ends, preserving flow and understanding, such as in 'tele-communication'. Hyphenation rules vary; some words lose their hyphens with common usage (e.g., 'email' from 'e-mail'). It's an evolving aspect of language, with guidelines differing across style manuals. Understanding hyphenation improves writing quality, making it an indispensable tool in effective communication.