Hyphenation ofexternal-combustion

Analysis of "external-combustion"

1. Pronunciation: The word is pronounced /ɛkˈstɜːrnəl kəmˈbʌstʃən/ in US English.

2. Syllable Division: ex-ter-nal-com-bus-tion

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: ex- (Latin, meaning "out of," "from") - functions to indicate direction or removal.
• Root: tern- (Latin, from vertere meaning "to turn") - forms part of the stem external.
• Suffix: -al (Latin, adjectival suffix) - forms an adjective.
• Root: combust- (Latin, combustio meaning "burning up") - the core meaning of burning.
• Suffix: -ion (Latin, nominal suffix) - forms a noun, indicating a process or state.

4. Stress Identification: Primary stress falls on the third syllable of "external" (/ˈstɜːrn/) and the second syllable of "combustion" (/ˈbʌst/).

5. Phonetic Transcription: /ɛkˈstɜːrnəl kəmˈbʌstʃən/

6. Edge Case Review: The combination of "ternal" and "com" can sometimes lead to mis-syllabification, but the vowel sounds clearly delineate the syllable boundaries.

7. Grammatical Role: The word functions primarily as a noun. While "external" can function as an adjective, the compound word "external-combustion" is almost exclusively used as a noun phrase. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of the grammatical context.

8. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: Relating to or denoting a process of generating energy by burning a fuel with an oxidizer in a separate chamber.
• Grammatical Category: Noun (compound noun)
• Synonyms: non-internal combustion
• Antonyms: internal combustion
• Examples: "Diesel engines are examples of internal combustion engines, while steam engines use external combustion."

9. Phonological Comparison:

• Information: /ɪnfərˈmeɪʃən/ - Syllables: in-for-ma-tion. Similar in length and complexity, with multiple vowels and consonant clusters. Stress pattern is also on the second-to-last syllable.
• Communication: /kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃən/ - Syllables: com-mu-ni-ca-tion. Shares the "-tion" suffix and a similar vowel structure. Stress pattern is on the third-to-last syllable.
• Organization: /ˌɔːrɡənaɪˈzeɪʃən/ - Syllables: or-ga-ni-za-tion. Similar suffix and overall structure. Stress pattern is on the third-to-last syllable.

The differences in syllable division arise from the specific vowel and consonant sequences within each word. "External-combustion" has a more distinct separation between the "ex-" and "ternal" due to the vowel sound, while the other words have more blended transitions.

Detailed Syllable Analysis:

• ex-: /ɛks/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel followed by consonant(s). Exception: Initial consonant cluster is permissible.
• ter-: /tɜːr/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel preceded by consonant(s).
• nal-: /nəl/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Vowel followed by consonant(s) forming a coda.
• com-: /kəm/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel preceded by consonant(s).
• bus-: /bʌs/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel preceded by consonant(s).
• tion: /ʃən/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Vowel followed by consonant(s) forming a coda.

Division Rules Applied:

• Vowel Division: Syllables are generally divided around vowel sounds.
• Onset-Coda Division: Syllables consist of an onset (initial consonant(s)), a nucleus (vowel), and a coda (final consonant(s)).
• Consonant Cluster Division: Consonant clusters are often split based on sonority, but in this case, the clear vowel boundaries dictate the division.

Special Considerations:

• The hyphen in "external-combustion" is a morphological marker indicating a compound word, but it doesn't affect the phonological syllabification.
• Regional variations in pronunciation (e.g., rhotic vs. non-rhotic accents) might slightly alter the vowel sounds, but not the syllable division.

Short Analysis:

"External-combustion" is a compound noun derived from Latin roots. It is syllabified as ex-ter-nal-com-bus-tion, with primary stress on the third syllable of "external" and the second syllable of "combustion". Syllable division follows vowel-based rules, with open and closed syllables determined by the presence or absence of a coda. The word's structure is similar to other complex nouns with Latinate suffixes like "-tion".