Hyphenation ofextraventricular

1. IPA Transcription: /ˌɛk.strə.vɛnˈtrɪk.jʊ.lər/

2. Morphemic Breakdown:

• Prefix: extra- (Latin, meaning "outside, beyond") - functions as intensifying prefix.
• Root: ventricul- (Latin, from ventriculus meaning "little belly," referring to a cavity) - denotes a cavity or chamber.
• Suffix: -ar (Latin, adjectival suffix) - forms an adjective.
• Suffix: -ular (Latin, diminutive suffix) - indicates something relating to or resembling.

3. Stressed Syllables: The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: trɪk. Secondary stress is on the first syllable: ek.

4. Syllables List with IPA and Rule Explanations:

• ex-tra /ɛk.strə/ - Syllable division occurs after a single consonant between two vowels. Rule: VCV (Vowel-Consonant-Vowel) - the consonant typically goes with the following vowel. Exception: initial consonant clusters are often kept together.
• ven-tric /vɛn.trɪk/ - Syllable division occurs after a single consonant between two vowels. Rule: VCV.
• u-lar /jʊ.lər/ - Syllable division occurs before a vowel. Rule: CVC-V (Consonant-Vowel-Consonant-Vowel). The 'u' is a glide and forms a syllable with the following vowel.

5. Syllable Division Rule Explanations:

• VCV Rule: In English, when a vowel is followed by a consonant and then another vowel, the consonant usually joins the second syllable.
• CVC-V Rule: When a consonant is followed by a vowel and then another consonant and then a vowel, the syllable division occurs between the two vowels.

6. Potential Exceptions/Special Cases:

• The initial 'ex-' could potentially be considered a single syllable in some pronunciations, but the more common and phonologically justifiable division is 'ex-tra'.
• The glide /j/ before /ʊ/ can sometimes be debated, but it functions as a syllable nucleus in this case.

7. Exceptions/Special Cases for the Word as a Whole:

• The word's length and complex morphology make it prone to variations in pronunciation and, consequently, syllabification. However, the provided division adheres to standard US English phonological rules.

8. Syllabification and Parts of Speech:

• The word primarily functions as an adjective. Syllabification remains consistent regardless of grammatical function.

9. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: Relating to or situated outside the ventricles of the brain.
• Grammatical Category: Adjective
• Synonyms: Extracerebral (related to the brain), periventricular (around the ventricles)
• Antonyms: Intraventricular (within the ventricles)
• Examples: "The patient underwent an extraventricular drain to relieve pressure."

10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

• Some speakers might reduce the vowel in the unstressed syllables (e.g., /ɪ/ instead of /ə/). This would not significantly alter the syllable division, but could affect the phonetic realization.
• Regional accents might influence the vowel quality or stress placement, but the core syllabic structure would likely remain the same.

11. Phonological Comparison:

• "constitutional": con-sti-tu-tion-al. Similar VCV patterns.
• "institutional": in-sti-tu-tion-al. Similar VCV patterns and suffix structure.
• "circumventricular": cir-cum-ven-tric-u-lar. Demonstrates the consistent application of VCV rules and the handling of complex prefixes and suffixes. The 'ventric-' root is consistent across all three words.