Hyphenation ofimmunofluorescence
Syllable Division:
im-mu-no-flu-o-res-cence
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/ˌɪmjuːnoʊflʊˈɔːrəsəns/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
0000101
Primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable ('res'), indicated by '1'. All other syllables are unstressed ('0').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Closed syllable, onset /ɪ/, coda /m/
Open syllable, onset /m/, vowel /uː/
Open syllable, onset /n/, vowel /oʊ/
Open syllable, onset /fl/, vowel /uː/
Open syllable, vowel /ɔː/
Closed syllable, onset /r/, coda /əs/
Closed syllable, onset /s/, coda /ns/
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: im-
Latin origin, meaning 'not' or 'in', negative prefix
Root: muno-
Latin origin, from *immunis*, meaning 'immune'
Suffix: -fluorescence
Latin origin, combining *fluo-* (to flow, light emission) and *-scence* (process/state)
A technique using fluorescent dyes to visualize specific structures or molecules within cells or tissues.
Examples:
"The researchers used immunofluorescence to identify the presence of the protein."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar structure with multiple suffixes and vowel-consonant patterns.
Shares the complexity of multiple morphemes and vowel-consonant combinations.
Demonstrates a similar pattern of combining prefixes, roots, and suffixes, resulting in a long word with multiple syllables.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Vowel-Consonant Division
Syllables are typically divided after vowels, creating open or closed syllables.
Consonant Cluster Rule
Initial consonant clusters (like 'fl') are generally kept together within a syllable.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The word's length and multiple morphemes require careful application of syllabification rules.
Regional variations in vowel pronunciation may exist but do not significantly alter syllable division.
Summary:
The word 'immunofluorescence' is divided into seven syllables: im-mu-no-flu-o-res-cence. It's a noun derived from Latin roots, with primary stress on the penultimate syllable. Syllabification follows vowel-consonant boundaries and maintains initial consonant clusters.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "immunofluorescence"
1. Pronunciation Examination:
The word "immunofluorescence" is pronounced /ˌɪmjuːnoʊflʊˈɔːrəsəns/ in US English. It presents challenges due to its length, multiple vowels, and consonant clusters.
2. Syllable Division:
im-mu-no-flu-o-res-cence
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: im- (Latin, meaning "not" or "in") - Negation.
- Root: muno- (Latin, from immunis meaning "immune") - Relating to immunity.
- Root: fluo- (Latin, from fluere meaning "to flow") - Relating to light emission.
- Suffix: -scence (Latin, suffix denoting a process or state) - Indicates a process or state of becoming.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: /ˌɪmjuːnoʊflʊˈɔːrəsəns/.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/ˌɪmjuːnoʊflʊˈɔːrəsəns/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
- im-: /ɪm/ - Onset: /ɪ/, Coda: /m/. Rule: Syllable division typically occurs before the first vowel. Exception: Initial consonant clusters are generally kept together.
- mu-: /muː/ - Onset: /m/, Coda: /uː/. Rule: Vowel after a consonant forms a new syllable.
- no-: /noʊ/ - Onset: /n/, Coda: /oʊ/. Rule: Vowel after a consonant forms a new syllable.
- flu-: /fluː/ - Onset: /fl/, Coda: /uː/. Rule: Consonant cluster followed by a vowel forms a syllable.
- o-: /ɔː/ - Onset: /ɔː/. Rule: Single vowel constitutes a syllable.
- res-: /rəs/ - Onset: /r/, Coda: /əs/. Rule: Vowel after a consonant forms a new syllable.
- cence: /səns/ - Onset: /s/, Coda: /ns/. Rule: Vowel after a consonant forms a new syllable.
7. Edge Case Review:
The "flu" cluster is a common initial consonant cluster in English and doesn't pose a significant syllabification challenge. The vowel sequences are relatively straightforward.
8. Grammatical Role:
"Immunofluorescence" primarily functions as a noun. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of grammatical context.
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: A technique using fluorescent dyes (fluorochromes) to visualize specific structures or molecules within cells or tissues.
- Grammatical Category: Noun
- Synonyms: Fluorescent staining, immunocytochemistry
- Antonyms: None directly applicable.
- Examples: "The researchers used immunofluorescence to identify the presence of the protein."
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
Minor variations in vowel pronunciation (e.g., /ɔː/ vs. /oʊ/) might occur depending on regional accents, but these do not significantly alter the syllable division.
11. Phonological Comparison:
- bioluminescence: bi-o-lu-mi-nes-cence - Similar structure with multiple suffixes and vowel-consonant patterns.
- psycholinguistics: psy-cho-lin-guis-tics - Shares the complexity of multiple morphemes and vowel-consonant combinations.
- electroencephalogram: e-lec-tro-en-ceph-a-lo-gram - Demonstrates a similar pattern of combining prefixes, roots, and suffixes, resulting in a long word with multiple syllables. The syllable division rules are consistent across these examples, prioritizing vowel-consonant boundaries.
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