Hyphenation ofmononitrobenzene
Syllable Division:
mo-no-ni-tro-ben-zene
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/ˌmɒnənaɪtroʊˈbɛnzɪn/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
0010101
Primary stress falls on the antepenultimate syllable ('ben'). The stress pattern is typical for words of this length and structure in English.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial syllable
Open syllable
Open syllable, diphthong
Closed syllable
Open syllable
Closed syllable
Closed syllable
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: mono-
Greek origin, meaning 'one' or 'single', numeral prefix
Root: nitro-
Latin origin (nitrum), indicates a nitro functional group
Suffix:
An organic chemical compound consisting of a benzene ring with one nitro group attached.
Examples:
"Mononitrobenzene is a key intermediate in the production of aniline."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar structure with a prefix and root, stress on the antepenultimate syllable.
Similar structure with a prefix and root, stress on the antepenultimate syllable.
Longer and more complex, but the principle of vowel-consonant division applies.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Vowel-Consonant (VC)
Syllables are often divided after a vowel sound when followed by a consonant.
Consonant-Vowel (CV)
Syllables are often divided before a vowel sound when preceded by a consonant.
Consonant Clusters
Consonant clusters (like 'tr') are generally kept together within a syllable.
Diphthongs
Diphthongs (like 'ai' in 'nitro') are treated as a single vowel sound within a syllable.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Vowel reduction in 'mono' is possible in rapid speech.
The combination of Greek and Latin roots creates a complex morphological structure, but doesn't significantly impact syllabification.
Summary:
Mononitrobenzene is syllabified as mo-no-ni-tro-ben-zene, with primary stress on 'ben'. It's a noun composed of the Greek prefix 'mono-', the Latin root 'nitro-', and the root 'benzene'. Syllable division follows standard English rules of vowel-consonant and consonant-vowel separation, maintaining consonant clusters.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "mononitrobenzene" (US English)
1. Pronunciation Examination:
The word "mononitrobenzene" is pronounced /ˌmɒnənaɪtroʊˈbɛnzɪn/. It presents challenges due to the combination of prefixes, a complex root, and vowel reduction possibilities.
2. Syllable Division:
Following US English syllabification rules, the word divides as follows: mo-no-ni-tro-ben-zene.
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: mono- (Greek, meaning "one" or "single"). Morphological function: numeral prefix, indicating a single nitro group.
- Root: nitro- (Latin nitrum meaning "natron", a naturally occurring mixture of sodium carbonate and bicarbonate). Morphological function: indicates the presence of a nitro functional group.
- Root: benzene (Derived from benzoic acid, ultimately from Arabic ban, meaning "wine"). Morphological function: the base aromatic hydrocarbon ring.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the antepenultimate syllable: /ˌmɒnənaɪtroʊˈbɛnzɪn/. This is typical for words of this length and structure in English.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/ˌmɒnənaɪtroʊˈbɛnzɪn/
6. Edge Case Review:
The vowel in "mono" can be reduced to /mə/ in faster speech, but the syllabification remains the same. The "tro" syllable is a potential area for misdivision, but the consonant cluster "tr" generally remains intact.
7. Grammatical Role:
"Mononitrobenzene" functions primarily as a noun, specifically a chemical compound. It does not typically shift parts of speech, so the syllabification and stress remain constant.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: An organic chemical compound consisting of a benzene ring with one nitro group attached.
- Grammatical Category: Noun
- Synonyms: None commonly used.
- Antonyms: Dinitrobenzene, Trinitrobenzene (compounds with more nitro groups)
- Examples: "Mononitrobenzene is a key intermediate in the production of aniline."
9. Phonological Comparison:
- Dinitrotoluene: di-ni-tro-to-lu-ene. Similar structure, stress on the antepenultimate syllable. The addition of "di" and the change in the final root segment affect syllable count but not the core stress pattern.
- Trichlorobenzene: tri-chloro-ben-zene. Again, similar structure, stress on the antepenultimate syllable. The prefix changes, but the core syllable structure remains consistent.
- Polychlorinated biphenyl: po-ly-chlo-ri-na-ted bi-phe-nyl. This word is longer and more complex, but the principle of dividing around vowel sounds and maintaining consonant clusters applies. Stress is on the antepenultimate syllable.
Detailed Syllable Analysis:
| Syllable | IPA Transcription | Description | Division Rule | Exceptions/Special Cases |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| mo | /moʊ/ | Open syllable, initial syllable | Vowel followed by consonant | Vowel reduction possible in rapid speech |
| no | /noʊ/ | Open syllable | Vowel followed by consonant | |
| ni | /naɪ/ | Open syllable, diphthong | Vowel followed by consonant | Diphthong creates a single vowel sound |
| tro | /troʊ/ | Closed syllable | Consonant cluster followed by vowel | "tr" cluster remains intact |
| ben | /bɛn/ | Open syllable | Vowel followed by consonant | |
| ze | /zɛn/ | Closed syllable | Consonant followed by vowel | |
| ne | /nɪn/ | Closed syllable | Consonant followed by vowel |
Exceptions/Special Cases (Word-Level):
The combination of Greek and Latin roots creates a somewhat unusual morphological structure, but it doesn't significantly impact syllabification.
Division Rules Applied:
- Vowel-Consonant (VC): Syllables are often divided after a vowel sound when followed by a consonant.
- Consonant-Vowel (CV): Syllables are often divided before a vowel sound when preceded by a consonant.
- Consonant Clusters: Consonant clusters (like "tr") are generally kept together within a syllable.
- Diphthongs: Diphthongs (like "ai" in "nitro") are treated as a single vowel sound within a syllable.
The hottest word splits in English (US)
See what terms are trending and getting hyphenated by users right now.
What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.