Hyphenation ofneuropharmacology
Syllable Division:
neu-ro-phar-ma-col-o-gy
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/ˌnʊəroʊˌfɑːrməˈkɒlədʒi/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
0000100
Primary stress falls on the fifth syllable ('col'), typical for words ending in '-ology'.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, vowel followed by glide.
Open syllable, diphthong.
Closed syllable, consonant cluster onset.
Open syllable, schwa.
Closed syllable, vowel followed by consonant cluster.
Open syllable, diphthong.
Closed syllable, consonant cluster onset.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: neuro-
Greek origin, meaning 'nerve', combining form.
Root: pharmaco-
Greek origin, meaning 'drug', combining form.
Suffix: -logy
Greek origin, meaning 'the study of', suffix.
The study of the effects of drugs on the nervous system and neural transmission.
Examples:
"She specializes in neuropharmacology."
"Research in neuropharmacology is crucial for developing new treatments for mental illness."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Shares the '-ology' suffix and similar stress pattern.
Shares the 'pharmaco-' root.
Shares the '-ology' suffix and similar stress pattern.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Vowel Rule
Each vowel sound generally forms a syllable.
Maximizing Onsets
Consonant clusters are generally assigned to the following vowel to create a valid onset.
Vowel-Glide Rule
Diphthongs and vowel-glide combinations form a single syllable.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The length of the word and multiple morphemes make it a complex case, but the syllabification adheres to standard English rules.
The 'ph' digraph is treated as a single sound /f/.
Summary:
Neuropharmacology is a seven-syllable noun (neu-ro-phar-ma-col-o-gy) with primary stress on the fifth syllable ('col'). It's composed of the Greek prefixes 'neuro-' and 'pharmaco-' and the suffix '-logy', denoting the study of drugs' effects on the nervous system.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "neuropharmacology" (US English)
1. Pronunciation Examination:
The word "neuropharmacology" is a complex compound noun, readily pronounced by native English speakers, though it requires careful articulation due to its length and multiple morphemes. The pronunciation generally follows standard English stress patterns for words of Greek and Latin origin.
2. Syllable Division:
The syllable division, adhering to the rule of maximizing onsets (consonant clusters at the beginning of a syllable) and avoiding stranded consonants, is as follows: neu-ro-phar-ma-col-o-gy.
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: neuro- (Greek, meaning "nerve") - functions as a combining form indicating relation to the nervous system.
- Root: pharmaco- (Greek, meaning "drug") - functions as a combining form relating to drugs or medication.
- Suffix: -logy (Greek, meaning "the study of") - functions as a suffix denoting a field of study or knowledge.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the fifth syllable: col-o-gy. This is typical for words ending in "-ology" in English.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/ˌnʊəroʊˌfɑːrməˈkɒlədʒi/
6. Edge Case Review:
The sequence "ph" is a digraph representing /f/. The syllable division avoids splitting digraphs. The "ro" sequence in "neuro" is a common syllable structure in English.
7. Grammatical Role:
"Neuropharmacology" primarily functions as a noun. While it could theoretically be used adjectivally (e.g., "neuropharmacological research"), the core syllabification and stress remain consistent.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: The study of the effects of drugs on the nervous system and neural transmission.
- Grammatical Category: Noun
- Synonyms: psychopharmacology (overlaps, but focuses more on psychological effects)
- Antonyms: (Difficult to define a direct antonym, as it's a field of study. Perhaps "neuropathology" - the study of nervous system disease.)
- Examples:
- "She specializes in neuropharmacology."
- "Research in neuropharmacology is crucial for developing new treatments for mental illness."
9. Phonological Comparison:
- Psychology: psy-cho-lo-gy. Similar stress pattern (penultimate syllable). Both end in "-ology".
- Pharmacokinetics: phar-ma-co-ki-net-ics. Shares the "pharmaco-" root. Stress pattern differs due to length and additional morphemes.
- Cardiology: car-di-ol-o-gy. Similar "-ology" suffix and stress pattern.
Detailed Syllable Analysis:
Syllable | IPA Transcription | Description | Division Rule | Exceptions/Special Cases |
---|---|---|---|---|
neu | /nuː/ | Open syllable, vowel followed by glide. | Vowel-Glide Rule | None |
ro | /roʊ/ | Open syllable, diphthong. | Vowel-Glide Rule | None |
phar | /fɑːr/ | Closed syllable, consonant cluster onset. | Maximizing Onsets | "ph" digraph |
ma | /mə/ | Open syllable, schwa. | Vowel Rule | None |
col | /kɒl/ | Closed syllable, vowel followed by consonant cluster. | Maximizing Onsets | None |
o | /oʊ/ | Open syllable, diphthong. | Vowel-Glide Rule | None |
gy | /dʒi/ | Closed syllable, consonant cluster onset. | Maximizing Onsets | None |
Exceptions/Special Cases (Word-Level):
The length of the word and the presence of multiple morphemes make it a complex case. However, the syllabification adheres to standard English rules without major exceptions.
Division Rules Applied:
- Vowel Rule: Each vowel sound generally forms a syllable.
- Maximizing Onsets: Consonant clusters are generally assigned to the following vowel to create a valid onset.
- Vowel-Glide Rule: Diphthongs and vowel-glide combinations form a single syllable.
Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
Some speakers might slightly reduce the vowel in the unstressed syllables (e.g., /ˌnʊərəˌfɑːrməˈkɒlədʒi/). This would not significantly alter the syllable division.
The hottest word splits in English (US)
See what terms are trending and getting hyphenated by users right now.
What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of dividing words across lines in print or on websites. It involves inserting hyphens (-) where a word breaks to continue on the next line.
Proper hyphenation improves readability by reducing the unevenness of word spacing and unnecessary large gaps. It also helps avoid confusion that may occur when part of a word carries over. Ideal hyphenation should break words according to pronunciation and syllables. Most word processors and publishing apps have automated tools to handle hyphenation effectively based on language rules and dictionaries. Though subtle, proper hyphenation improves overall typography and reading comfort.