Hyphenation ofunneighbourliness
Syllable Division:
un-neigh-bour-li-ness
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/ʌnˈneɪbərˌlɪnəs/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
01000
Primary stress falls on the second syllable ('neigh'). The other syllables are unstressed.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, unstressed.
Open syllable, stressed, contains a diphthong.
Closed syllable, unstressed.
Open syllable, unstressed.
Closed syllable, unstressed, suffix.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: un-
Old English origin, negation.
Root: neighbour
Middle English from Old French, denoting proximity.
Suffix: -liness
Old English origin, forms abstract nouns.
The quality or state of being unfriendly or lacking in neighborly kindness.
Examples:
"Her unneighbourliness was evident in her refusal to help with the community garden."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Shares the '-liness' suffix and similar stress pattern.
Shares the '-liness' suffix and similar stress pattern.
Shares the '-ness' suffix, demonstrating a common pattern.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Vowel-Consonant (VC)
Syllables often divide after a vowel followed by a consonant.
Consonant-Vowel-Consonant (CVC)
Syllables often divide before and after a consonant between two vowels.
Diphthong Rule
Diphthongs generally stay within the same syllable.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The silent 'gh' in 'neighbour' is a historical spelling convention.
The 'bour' sequence is a relatively uncommon vowel combination.
Summary:
The word 'unneighbourliness' is divided into five syllables: un-neigh-bour-li-ness. The primary stress falls on the second syllable ('neigh'). It's a noun formed from the prefix 'un-', the root 'neighbour', and the suffix '-liness'. The silent 'gh' and the 'bour' sequence are notable features.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "unneighbourliness"
1. Pronunciation Examination:
The word "unneighbourliness" is pronounced /ʌnˈneɪbərˌlɪnəs/. It presents challenges due to the presence of multiple vowels, diphthongs, and consonant clusters.
2. Syllable Division:
The syllable division, adhering to the rule of using only original letters, is: un-neigh-bour-li-ness
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: un- (Old English) - Negation.
- Root: neighbour (Middle English from Old French nei(ve)re 'near' + bour 'dwelling') - denoting proximity or relationship.
- Suffix: -liness (Old English -nes) - Forms abstract nouns denoting a state, quality, or condition.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the second syllable: un-neigh-bour-li-ness.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/ʌnˈneɪbərˌlɪnəs/
6. Edge Case Review:
The sequence "gh" is silent, impacting the syllable count and pronunciation. The "bour" sequence is a potential point of variation, but generally follows the established pronunciation.
7. Grammatical Role:
"unneighbourliness" functions solely as a noun. There are no shifts in syllabification or stress based on grammatical function.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: The quality or state of being unfriendly or lacking in neighborly kindness.
- Grammatical Category: Noun
- Synonyms: unfriendliness, coldness, aloofness, discourtesy
- Antonyms: friendliness, neighborliness, sociability, warmth
- Example Usage: "Her unneighbourliness was evident in her refusal to help with the community garden."
9. Phonological Comparison:
- Friendliness: friend-li-ness (3 syllables) - Similar suffix -liness, stress on the second syllable.
- Kindliness: kind-li-ness (3 syllables) - Similar suffix -liness, stress on the second syllable.
- Business: bus-i-ness (3 syllables) - Similar suffix -ness, stress on the first syllable.
The difference in syllable count for "unneighbourliness" arises from the prefix "un-" and the more complex root "neighbour". The stress pattern is consistent with words ending in -liness where the root is multi-syllabic.
Detailed Syllable Analysis:
| Syllable | IPA Transcription | Description | Rule Applied | Exceptions/Special Cases |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| un- | /ʌn/ | Open syllable, unstressed | Vowel-Consonant-Silent E rule (though no 'e' here, the 'n' acts as a consonant closure) | None |
| neigh- | /neɪ/ | Open syllable, stressed | Vowel-Consonant rule, diphthong | The 'gh' is silent, affecting the vowel sound. |
| bour- | /bər/ | Closed syllable, unstressed | Consonant-Vowel-Consonant rule | The 'our' combination is a common vowel digraph. |
| li- | /lɪ/ | Open syllable, unstressed | Vowel-Consonant rule | None |
| ness | /nəs/ | Closed syllable, unstressed | Consonant-Vowel-Consonant rule | Common suffix, often unstressed. |
Exceptions/Special Cases (Word-Level):
- The silent "gh" in "neighbour" is a historical spelling convention that doesn't align with pronunciation.
- The "bour" sequence is a relatively uncommon vowel combination, but its pronunciation is well-established.
Division Rules Applied:
- Vowel-Consonant (VC): Syllables often divide after a vowel followed by a consonant (e.g., "li-").
- Consonant-Vowel-Consonant (CVC): Syllables often divide before and after a consonant between two vowels (e.g., "bour-").
- Diphthong Rule: Diphthongs (vowel combinations like "ei" in "neigh") generally stay within the same syllable.
Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
Some regional variations might slightly alter the vowel sounds, but the syllable division remains consistent. British English might pronounce the 'r' in 'neighbour' more distinctly, but this doesn't change the syllable count.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the use of hyphens to join words or parts of words. It plays a crucial role in writing, ensuring clarity and readability.
In compound terms like 'check-in', the hyphen clarifies relationships between words. It also assists in breaking words at line ends, preserving flow and understanding, such as in 'tele-communication'. Hyphenation rules vary; some words lose their hyphens with common usage (e.g., 'email' from 'e-mail'). It's an evolving aspect of language, with guidelines differing across style manuals. Understanding hyphenation improves writing quality, making it an indispensable tool in effective communication.