Hyphenation ofgemeenschappelijkheden

Linguistic Analysis of "gemeenschappelijkheden" (Dutch)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "gemeenschappelijkheden" is a Dutch noun meaning "commonalities" or "shared characteristics." It's a relatively long word with a complex structure, typical of Dutch compound nouns. Pronunciation involves a mix of vowel qualities and consonant clusters.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Dutch syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: ge- (origin: Germanic, function: forms nouns from verbs or adjectives, often indicating a collective or shared quality)
• Root: meenschapp- (origin: Middle Dutch meenschape, related to mens "person", function: denotes "community" or "shared existence")
• Suffix: -elijk- (origin: Germanic, function: adjectival suffix, forming adjectives from nouns or verbs, meaning "relating to" or "having the quality of")
• Suffix: -heden (origin: Germanic, function: nominalizing suffix, forming abstract nouns denoting states, qualities, or collections)

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the antepenultimate syllable (the third syllable from the end).

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/ɣəˈmeːnsχɑplɪkɦədən/

6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:

Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:

• ge-: /ɣə/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. No exceptions.
• meen-: /meːn/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel followed by consonant(s). No exceptions.
• schap-: /sxɑp/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant cluster can be part of the syllable if it follows a vowel. Exception: The 'sch' cluster is treated as a single unit.
• pe-: /pə/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel followed by consonant. No exceptions.
• lijk-: /lɪk/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Vowel followed by consonant cluster. No exceptions.
• he-: /ɦə/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel followed by consonant. No exceptions.
• den-: /dən/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Vowel followed by consonant. No exceptions.

7. Edge Case Review:

The 'sch' cluster is a common exception in Dutch, often treated as a single phoneme. The length of the vowel /eː/ in "meen-" is also important, as vowel length affects stress and rhythm.

8. Grammatical Role:

"Gemeenschappelijkheden" primarily functions as a noun. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of grammatical context.

9. Definition & Semantics:

• Word: gemeenschappelijkheden
• Part of Speech: Noun (plural)
• Definitions:
  • "Commonalities"
  • "Shared characteristics"
  • "Things that people have in common"
• Translation: "Commonalities"
• Synonyms: overeenkomsten, gedeelde eigenschappen
• Antonyms: verschillen, individualiteiten
• Examples:
  • "De gemeenschappelijkheden tussen de culturen zijn opvallend." (The commonalities between the cultures are striking.)
  • "We moeten ons focussen op onze gemeenschappelijkheden." (We must focus on our commonalities.)

10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

Regional variations in vowel pronunciation exist, but they don't significantly alter the syllabification. Some speakers might slightly reduce the vowel in unstressed syllables.

11. Phonological Comparison:

• Werkelijkheid (reality): wer-kelijk-heid - Similar syllable structure with vowel-consonant patterns.
• Mogelijkheid (possibility): mo-ge-lijk-heid - Similar suffixation and syllable division.
• Verschilligheid (difference): ver-schil-lig-heid - Similar consonant clusters and vowel-consonant patterns.

The differences lie in the specific consonant clusters and vowel qualities, but the underlying syllabification principles remain consistent. Dutch generally favors open syllables where possible, and consonant clusters are incorporated into the syllable following the vowel.