Hyphenation ofhoogspanningsdraden

Dutch Word Analysis: hoogspanningsdraden

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "hoogspanningsdraden" (high-voltage wires) is a compound noun in Dutch. Its pronunciation involves a mix of long and short vowels, and consonant clusters. The 'g' is a voiced velar fricative /ɣ/.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Dutch syllabification rules, which generally favor open syllables (CV) and avoid breaking up consonant clusters unless absolutely necessary, the word divides as follows (see JSON output for the orthographic representation).

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• hoog-: Adjective prefix meaning "high". Origin: Old Dutch. Function: Intensifier.
• spannings-: Root relating to "tension" or "voltage". Origin: Dutch "spanning" (tension). Function: Core meaning.
• dra-: Root relating to "wire". Origin: Dutch "draad" (wire). Function: Core meaning.
• -en: Plural suffix for nouns. Origin: Old Dutch. Function: Indicates plurality.

4. Stress Identification:

Dutch stress is generally on the penultimate (second-to-last) syllable. In this case, the primary stress falls on "span-".

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/hoːxˈspɑnɪŋsˌdraːdə(n)/

6. Edge Case Review:

Dutch allows for some flexibility in syllable division, particularly with consonant clusters. However, breaking up the "ngs" cluster would be unusual and less natural. The final "-en" is often reduced to a schwa /ə(n)/ in rapid speech.

7. Grammatical Role:

"hoogspanningsdraden" functions solely as a noun (plural). The syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical context within a sentence.

8. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: High-voltage wires; wires used for transmitting electricity at high voltage.
• Grammatical Category: Noun (plural)
• Translation: High-voltage wires
• Synonyms: hoogspanningskabels (high-voltage cables)
• Antonyms: laagspanningsdraden (low-voltage wires)
• Examples:
  • "De hoogspanningsdraden waren zichtbaar vanaf de heuvel." (The high-voltage wires were visible from the hill.)
  • "Er is een storing in de hoogspanningsdraden." (There is a fault in the high-voltage wires.)

9. Phonological Comparison:

• voetballers (football players): voe-tbal-lers. Similar syllable structure with consonant clusters. Stress on the penultimate syllable.
• computerprogramma's (computer programs): com-pu-ter-pro-gram-ma's. Longer compound noun, but follows the same stress pattern and syllable division principles.
• telefoonnummer (telephone number): te-le-foon-num-mer. Demonstrates the tendency to avoid breaking up consonant clusters within morphemes.

10. Division Rules:

• Onset Maximization: Dutch prefers to maximize the onsets of syllables, meaning consonants are assigned to the following vowel whenever possible.
• Avoidance of Single-Letter Syllables: Dutch generally avoids syllables consisting of a single vowel.
• Penultimate Stress: Primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable in most Dutch words.
• Consonant Cluster Rule: Consonant clusters are generally kept together within a syllable unless they are exceptionally difficult to pronounce.

11. Special Considerations:

The compound nature of the word requires careful consideration of morpheme boundaries. While theoretically possible to divide "spanning" into "span-ning", it's more natural to treat it as a single unit due to its frequent co-occurrence.