Hyphenation ofreferentiegegevens

Linguistic Analysis of "referentiegegevens" (Dutch)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "referentiegegevens" is a compound noun in Dutch, meaning "reference data". It's pronounced with a relatively even stress distribution, though the penultimate syllable receives slightly more emphasis. The 'g' is a voiced velar fricative /ɣ/, and the 'e' sounds vary between open and closed mid vowels /ɛ/ and /e/.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Dutch syllabification rules, which prioritize vowel sounds and avoid stranded consonants, the division is as follows (using only original letters):

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• referentie-: Prefix/Root: Derived from Latin referentia (meaning 'reference'). Functions as the core concept.
• ge-: Prefix: A common Dutch prefix used to form nouns from verbs or adjectives. In this case, it nominalizes the concept of 'referencing'. Origin: Germanic.
• gevens: Root: Derived from the verb "geven" (to give). Functions as the data being referenced.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: "ge-ge-vens". Dutch stress is generally penultimate, but compound words can have multiple stress points, with the main stress often on the last element.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/rɛfəˈrɛntsiɣəˈɣevə(n)s/

6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:

Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:

• re-: /rɛ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. No exceptions.
• fe-: /fɛ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Consonant clusters are broken after the first consonant if a vowel follows. No exceptions.
• ren-: /rɛn/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant closes the syllable. No exceptions.
• tie-: /ti/ - Open syllable. Rule: Vowel nucleus forms a syllable. No exceptions.
• ge-: /ɣə/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable starts with a vowel. No exceptions.
• ge-: /ɣə/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable starts with a vowel. No exceptions.
• vens: /vɛns/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant closes the syllable. No exceptions.

7. Edge Case Review:

Dutch allows for some flexibility in compound word syllabification, but the above division is the most common and phonologically justifiable. The 'ge-' prefix is often treated as a separate syllable, even though it's phonetically reduced.

8. Grammatical Role:

"Referentiegegevens" functions solely as a noun. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical context within a sentence.

9. Definition & Semantics:

• Word: referentiegegevens
• Part of Speech: Noun (het)
• Definition: Data used for reference or comparison; benchmark data.
• Translation: Reference data
• Synonyms: brongegevens (source data), basisgegevens (basic data)
• Antonyms: None directly applicable.
• Examples:
  • "De referentiegegevens zijn essentieel voor de analyse." (The reference data is essential for the analysis.)
  • "We hebben de referentiegegevens bijgewerkt." (We have updated the reference data.)

10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

Regional variations in vowel pronunciation exist (e.g., more open or closed vowels). However, these variations do not significantly alter the syllabification. Some speakers might slightly reduce the second 'ge-' to /ə/, but it remains a distinct syllable.

11. Phonological Comparison:

• computer: com-pu-ter /kɔmˈpytər/ - Similar syllable structure with alternating consonant-vowel patterns.
• universiteit: u-ni-ver-si-teit /ˌynivərsiˈtɛit/ - Compound word with multiple syllables, stress on the penultimate syllable.
• informatie: in-for-ma-tie /ɪnforˈmaːtsi/ - Similar vowel-consonant alternation, stress on the antepenultimate syllable.

The differences in stress placement are due to the specific morphological structure and historical development of each word. Dutch stress is generally right-leaning, but exceptions exist, especially in loanwords.