Hyphenation ofuitzonderingstoestand

Dutch Word Analysis: uitzonderingstoestand

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "uitzonderingstoestand" (exception state) is a compound noun in Dutch. Its pronunciation involves a complex sequence of sounds, including diphthongs, consonant clusters, and schwa vowels.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Dutch syllabification rules, which generally favor maximizing onsets (consonant clusters at the beginning of a syllable), the word is divided as follows (using only the original letters):

uit-zon-der-ing-toe-stand

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: uit- (origin: Germanic) - Function: Indicates 'out of', 'away from', or 'completely'.
• Root: zonder (origin: Germanic) - Function: 'without', 'lacking'.
• Suffix: -ing (origin: Germanic) - Function: Nominalizing suffix, forming a noun from a verb or adjective.
• Suffix: -toestand (origin: Germanic) - Function: 'state', 'condition'. This is a compound itself: toe- (to, towards) + stand (state, condition).

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the antepenultimate syllable: der.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/œytˈzɔndərɪŋtœˈstaːt/

6. Edge Case Review:

Dutch syllabification can be tricky with consonant clusters. The rule of maximizing onsets is crucial here. The 'z' in 'zonder' is part of the second syllable, despite the potential for it to be considered an onset for a new syllable.

7. Grammatical Role:

The word is primarily a noun. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of grammatical function, as it's a single, inflexible compound noun.

8. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: A state of exception; a situation where normal rules do not apply.
• Grammatical Category: Noun (de uitzonderingstoestand)
• Translation: Exception state, state of emergency
• Synonyms: noodtoestand (state of emergency), crisis
• Antonyms: normaliteit (normality), routine
• Examples:
  • "De regering riep de uitzonderingstoestand uit." (The government declared a state of emergency.)
  • "Door de overstromingen werd de uitzonderingstoestand afgekondigd." (Due to the floods, a state of emergency was declared.)

9. Phonological Comparison:

• Verantwoordelijkheid (responsibility): ver-ant-woor-de-lijk-heid. Similar complex structure, stress on the antepenultimate syllable.
• Waarschijnlijkheid (probability): waar-schijn-lijk-heid. Similar suffix structure (-lijkheid), stress pattern.
• Ontmoediging (discouragement): ont-moe-di-ging. Demonstrates the tendency to break up consonant clusters when necessary, but still maximizing onsets.

10. Division Rules:

• Maximize Onsets: Consonant clusters are generally kept together at the beginning of a syllable.
• Vowel Grouping: Vowel digraphs and diphthongs are usually part of the same syllable.
• Avoid Single-Letter Syllables: Dutch generally avoids syllables consisting of a single vowel.

11. Special Considerations:

The compound nature of the word presents a challenge. Each component (uit-, zonder, -ing, -toestand) has its own internal structure, but the overall syllabification must adhere to Dutch rules.

12. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

Regional variations in vowel pronunciation exist in Dutch, but these generally don't affect the syllabification. The stress pattern is relatively consistent across dialects.