Hyphenation ofvancomycine-resistent

Dutch Word Analysis: vancomycine-resistent

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "vancomycine-resistent" is a compound word in Dutch, combining "vancomycine" (vancomycin) and "resistent" (resistant). The pronunciation involves a mix of vowel qualities and consonant clusters typical of Dutch.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Dutch syllabification rules, which generally favor open syllables (syllables ending in a vowel) and avoid breaking up consonant clusters where possible, the division is as follows (using only the original letters):

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: vancomycine- (from the antibiotic vancomycin, ultimately from Greek vanos meaning 'vanity' and mykes meaning 'fungus', though the connection is historical and not semantic in this context). Function: Noun acting as a modifying element.
• Root: resistent- (from French résistant, ultimately from Latin resistere 'to resist'). Function: Adjectival root indicating resistance.
• Suffix: -ent (Dutch adjectival suffix, derived from Latin -ens). Function: Forms an adjective.

4. Stress Identification:

Dutch stress is generally on the penultimate (second-to-last) syllable of a word. In this case, the primary stress falls on "-si-".

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/vɑnkoːmyˈsiːnə.rɛˈzɪstənt/

6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:

Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:

• van-: /vɑn/ - Open syllable. Rule: Dutch prefers open syllables. No exceptions.
• co-: /koː/ - Open syllable. Rule: Dutch prefers open syllables. No exceptions.
• my-: /my/ - Open syllable. Rule: Dutch prefers open syllables. No exceptions.
• ci-: /siː/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Syllable division occurs before consonant clusters when creating open syllables is not possible. Stress falls here.
• ne-: /nə/ - Open syllable. Rule: Dutch prefers open syllables. No exceptions.
• re-: /rɛ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Dutch prefers open syllables. No exceptions.
• si-: /siː/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Syllable division occurs before consonant clusters when creating open syllables is not possible. Stress falls here.
• stent: /stənt/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant clusters are generally kept together within a syllable.

7. Edge Case Review:

The hyphenated nature of the word presents a slight edge case. While Dutch allows hyphenation for compound words, the syllabification rules still apply within each component.

8. Grammatical Role:

The word functions as an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of grammatical function.

9. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: Resistant to the antibiotic vancomycin.
• Translation: Vancomycin-resistant
• Grammatical Category: Adjective
• Synonyms: N/A (specific to antibiotic resistance)
• Antonyms: Vancomycine-gevoelig (Vancomycin-sensitive)
• Examples:
  • "De bacterie is vancomycine-resistent." (The bacterium is vancomycin-resistant.)
  • "Vancomycine-resistente infecties zijn moeilijk te behandelen." (Vancomycin-resistant infections are difficult to treat.)

10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

Regional variations in vowel pronunciation exist in Dutch, but they generally don't affect the syllabification. Some speakers might slightly lengthen or shorten certain vowels, but the core syllable structure remains the same.

11. Phonological Comparison:

• "antibiotica-resistent": "an-ti-bio-ti-ca-re-si-stent". Similar syllable structure, stress on the penultimate syllable.
• "methicilline-resistent": "me-thi-cil-li-ne-re-si-stent". Similar syllable structure, stress on the penultimate syllable.
• "penicilline-resistent": "pe-ni-cil-li-ne-re-si-stent". Similar syllable structure, stress on the penultimate syllable.

These words demonstrate the consistent application of Dutch syllabification rules to compound adjectives formed with "-resistent". The primary difference lies in the length and complexity of the initial component (antibiotic, methicillin, penicillin), but the core principle of open syllable preference and consonant cluster preservation remains constant.