Hyphenation ofczterdziestojednogodzinnym
Syllable Division:
cze-ter-dziest-to-je-dno-go-dzin-nym
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/ˈt͡ʂtɛrˈd͡ʑɛɕtɔjɛdnɔɡɔˈd͡ʑinnɨm/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
001000100
Stress falls on the penultimate syllable ('-dziest-'), as is typical in Polish. The primary stress is indicated by '1', while '0' represents unstressed syllables.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial syllable.
Open syllable.
Closed syllable, contains affricate.
Open syllable.
Open syllable, contains glide.
Closed syllable.
Open syllable.
Closed syllable, contains affricate.
Closed syllable, contains nasal vowel.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: czterdzieści-
Native Polish numeral prefix meaning 'forty'.
Root: -jed-
Native Polish numeral root meaning 'one'.
Suffix: -godzinny-m
Derived from 'godzina' (hour), indicating hour-related and instrumental case.
Relating to or lasting forty-one hours.
Translation: forty-one-hour
Examples:
"Podczas czterdziestojednogodzinnym maratonu biegacze wykazali się niezwykłą wytrzymałością."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Complex consonant clusters and numeral composition.
Numeral adjective with similar consonant clusters.
Long adjective with multiple prefixes and suffixes.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Onset Maximization
Polish favors maximizing the number of consonants in the onset of a syllable, as seen with 'cz', 'dź', and 'tr'.
Vowel-Consonant Division
Syllables are often divided after a vowel, especially when followed by a consonant.
Avoidance of Stranded Consonants
Consonants are generally not left at the end of a syllable unless necessary due to complex clusters.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The numerous consonant clusters require careful application of onset maximization rules.
The presence of affricates ('cz', 'dź') is treated as a single unit.
Nasal vowels (/ɨ/) influence syllable structure.
Summary:
The word 'czterdziestojednogodzinnym' is a complex Polish adjective syllabified based on maximizing onsets, avoiding stranded consonants, and adhering to Polish phonotactic constraints. Stress falls on the penultimate syllable. It's a numeral adjective meaning 'forty-one-hour' and is inflected in the masculine singular instrumental case.
Detailed Analysis:
Polish Word Analysis: czterdziestojednogodzinnym
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "czterdziestojednogodzinnym" is a complex Polish adjective meaning "forty-one-hour". It's a highly inflected form, indicating a masculine singular instrumental case. Pronunciation involves several consonant clusters, typical of Polish, and requires careful attention to vowel quality and nasal vowels.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Polish syllabification rules, which prioritize maximizing onsets and avoiding stranded consonants, the division is as follows (using only original letters):
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: czterdzieści- (forty) - Native Polish, numeral prefix.
- Root: -jed- (one) - Native Polish, numeral root.
- Stem: czterdziestojedno- (forty-one) - Combined numeral stem.
- Suffix: -godzinny- (hour-related) - Derived from godzina (hour), of Slavic origin.
- Suffix: -m - Instrumental case ending, grammatical function.
4. Stress Identification:
Polish stress is generally fixed on the penultimate syllable. In this case, the stress falls on the syllable "-dziest-".
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/ˈt͡ʂtɛrˈd͡ʑɛɕtɔjɛdnɔɡɔˈd͡ʑinnɨm/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:
| Syllable | IPA Transcription | Rule Application | Exceptions/Special Cases |
|---|---|---|---|
| cze | /t͡ʂɛ/ | Onset maximization: 'cz' forms a single onset. | 'cz' is a common Polish affricate, treated as a single unit. |
| ter | /tɛr/ | Vowel followed by consonant. | |
| dziest | /d͡ʑɛst/ | Onset maximization: 'dź' forms a single onset. | 'dź' is a palatalized affricate, treated as a single unit. |
| to | /tɔ/ | Vowel followed by consonant. | |
| je | /jɛ/ | Vowel preceded by glide. | |
| dno | /dnɔ/ | Consonant cluster followed by vowel. | |
| go | /ɡɔ/ | Vowel preceded by consonant. | |
| dzin | /d͡ʑin/ | Onset maximization: 'dź' forms a single onset. | 'dź' is a palatalized affricate, treated as a single unit. |
| nym | /nɨm/ | Consonant cluster followed by vowel. | Nasal vowel /ɨ/. |
7. Edge Case Review:
The word presents challenges due to the numerous consonant clusters. Polish allows for complex onsets and codas, but the goal is to avoid violating sonority sequencing principles. The division aims to create syllables that are phonotactically permissible in Polish.
8. Grammatical Role:
The word is an adjective. If it were a noun (hypothetically), the stress would remain on the penultimate syllable, and the syllabification would not change.
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: czterdziestojednogodzinnym
- Translation: forty-one-hour
- Part of Speech: Adjective
- Grammatical Category: Masculine Singular Instrumental
- Synonyms: (None readily available, as it's a specific numeral adjective)
- Antonyms: (None readily available)
- Examples: "Podczas czterdziestojednogodzinnym maratonu biegacze wykazali się niezwykłą wytrzymałością." (During the forty-one-hour marathon, the runners showed extraordinary endurance.)
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
Regional variations in Polish pronunciation are subtle. Some speakers might slightly reduce vowels in unstressed syllables, but the core syllabification remains consistent.
11. Phonological Comparison:
- pięćdziesięciodwudziestu (fifty-twenty) - Syllables: pie-ęć-dzie-się-cio-dwo-dzies-tu. Similar complex consonant clusters, but different vowel distribution.
- trzysta czterdzieści (three hundred forty) - Syllables: trzy-sta-czter-dzie-ści. Demonstrates the consistent application of onset maximization with 'tr' and 'cz'.
- siedemdziesięciokilkuletni (seventy-something-year-old) - Syllables: siedem-dzie-się-cio-kil-ku-let-ni. Shows how Polish handles long words with multiple prefixes and suffixes.
The differences in syllable division arise from the specific arrangement of consonants and vowels in each word, but the underlying principles of maximizing onsets and avoiding stranded consonants remain consistent.
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