Hyphenation ofdziewięćdziesięcioośmioletnich
Syllable Division:
dzie-więć-dzie-się-cio-ośm-io-let-nich
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/d͡ʑɛˈvjɛ̃t͡ɕd͡ʑɛˈɕɛ̃t͡ɕɔˈɕmʲɔlɛtɲix/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
010010010
Stress falls on the penultimate syllable ('let'), which is the primary stressed syllable. The stress is marked with '1', while unstressed syllables are marked with '0'.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial consonant cluster 'dz'.
Syllable with nasal vowel and palatalized consonant.
Open syllable, initial consonant cluster 'dz'.
Open syllable, nasal vowel.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable.
Closed syllable, stressed.
Closed syllable, nasal consonant.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: dziewięć-
Native Polish, numeral prefix meaning 'nine'.
Root: -letni-
Native Polish, related to 'lata' (years), meaning 'year-old'.
Suffix: -nich
Polish inflectional suffix indicating genitive plural.
of ninety-eight-year-olds
Translation: of ninety-eight-year-olds
Examples:
"Historie dziewięćdziesięcioośmioletnich weteranów są niezwykle poruszające."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar initial consonant clusters and numeral structure.
Similar complex consonant clusters and vowel patterns.
Similar structure with numeral components and the '-letni' suffix.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Consonant Cluster Preservation
Polish syllabification prioritizes keeping consonant clusters intact within a syllable, even if they are complex.
Vowel-Based Division
Syllables are generally divided around vowel sounds. Each vowel typically forms the nucleus of a syllable.
Penultimate Stress
Polish generally places stress on the penultimate syllable, influencing the perceived prominence of each syllable.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The presence of nasal vowels (/ɛ̃/) influences the pronunciation and can sometimes affect syllable perception.
Palatalized consonants (e.g., /ɕ/, /ɲ/) are common in Polish and are treated as part of the syllable they belong to.
The word's length and complexity require careful application of syllabification rules to avoid misdivision.
Summary:
The word 'dziewięćdziesięcioośmioletnich' is a complex Polish adjective meaning 'of ninety-eight-year-olds'. It's divided into nine syllables based on vowel sounds and consonant cluster preservation. Stress falls on the penultimate syllable ('let'). The word is built from numeral prefixes and stems, combined with the '-letni' root and a genitive plural suffix.
Detailed Analysis:
Polish Word Analysis: dziewięćdziesięcioośmioletnich
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "dziewięćdziesięcioośmioletnich" is a highly inflected Polish adjective in the genitive plural form. It means "of ninety-eight-year-olds" or "ninety-eight-year-old's". It's a complex word built from several morphemes. Pronunciation involves several consonant clusters, typical of Polish.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Polish syllabification rules, which prioritize preserving consonant clusters within syllables, the division is as follows (detailed in the JSON output).
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: dziewięć- (nine) - Native Polish, numeral prefix.
- Stem: -dziesięcio- (ten) - Native Polish, numeral stem.
- Stem: -ośmio- (eight) - Native Polish, numeral stem.
- Root: -letni- (year-old) - Native Polish, related to lata (years).
- Suffix: -ch - inflectional suffix indicating genitive plural.
4. Stress Identification:
Polish stress generally falls on the penultimate (second-to-last) syllable. In this case, the stress falls on "-let-".
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/d͡ʑɛˈvjɛ̃t͡ɕd͡ʑɛˈɕɛ̃t͡ɕɔˈɕmʲɔlɛtɲix/
6. Edge Case Review:
Polish syllabification allows for complex consonant clusters, and this word exemplifies that. The "dz" and "ć" clusters are common and remain intact within syllables. The nasal vowels /ɛ̃/ are also typical.
7. Grammatical Role:
The word is an adjective. If it were part of a verb construction (hypothetically), the stress pattern would remain the same, as Polish verb stress is also generally penultimate.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: dziewięćdziesięcioośmioletnich
- Part of Speech: Adjective
- Definitions:
- "of ninety-eight-year-olds"
- "ninety-eight-year-old's"
- Translation: "of ninety-eight-year-olds"
- Synonyms: (Descriptive phrases) "dotyczących osób w wieku dziewięćdziesięciu ośmiu lat" (relating to people aged ninety-eight years)
- Antonyms: (Difficult to provide a direct antonym, as it's a specific age) "młodych" (young) - in contrast to age.
- Examples:
- "Historie dziewięćdziesięcioośmioletnich weteranów są niezwykle poruszające." (The stories of ninety-eight-year-old veterans are incredibly moving.)
9. Phonological Comparison:
- dwudziestu (twenty) - dvu-dźes-tu. Similar initial consonant clusters.
- trzydziestopięciu (thirty-five) - tszydźes-cio-pię-ciu. Similar complex consonant clusters and vowel patterns.
- czterdziestosiedmioletni (forty-seven-year-old) - czter-dźes-to-siedm-io-let-ni. Similar structure with numeral components and the "-letni" suffix.
The differences in syllable division arise from the specific consonant clusters and vowel sequences within each word. Polish allows for a relatively high degree of complexity in syllable structure.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.