Hyphenation ofdziewięćdziesięcioośmioletniego
Syllable Division:
dzie-wię-ćd-zie-się-cio-oś-mio-let-nie-go
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/d͡ʑɛˈvjɛ̃t͡ɕd͡ʑɛˈɕɛ̃t͡ɕɔˈɔɕmʲɔˈlɛtɲɛɡɔ/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
0100100011
Stress falls on the penultimate syllable, 'let' in 'ośmioletniego'. The primary stress is marked with '1'.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial syllable.
Open syllable, contains nasal vowel.
Closed syllable, consonant cluster.
Open syllable.
Open syllable, contains nasal vowel.
Open syllable.
Open syllable.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant.
Closed syllable, stressed syllable.
Open syllable.
Open syllable, final syllable.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: dziewięć-
Native Polish numeral prefix meaning 'nine'.
Root: dziesięcioośmioletni-
Compound root formed from 'dziesięć' (ten), 'ośm' (eight), and 'letni' (year-old).
Suffix: -ego
Genitive singular masculine adjectival ending.
Relating to the age of ninety-eight years.
Translation: ninety-eight-year-old
Examples:
"Portret dziewięćdziesięcioośmioletniego mężczyzny wisiał na ścianie."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Shares the '-dzie-' root and similar initial consonant clusters.
Shares the '-dzie-' root and similar structure.
Shares the '-dzie-' root and similar structure, though with a different initial consonant cluster.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Consonant Cluster Preservation
Polish avoids breaking up consonant clusters within syllables whenever possible.
Vowel-Based Division
Syllables are generally formed around vowels.
Nasal Vowel Influence
Nasal vowels (ą, ę) often create a closed syllable before them.
Penultimate Stress
Stress typically falls on the second-to-last syllable.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The complex consonant clusters require careful consideration to maintain phonological accuracy.
The presence of nasal vowels influences syllable structure.
Regional variations in pronunciation might exist, but the syllabification remains largely consistent.
Summary:
The word 'dziewięćdziesięcioośmioletniego' is a complex Polish adjective meaning 'ninety-eight-year-old'. It's divided into 11 syllables based on vowel-centered structures and consonant cluster preservation. Stress falls on the penultimate syllable ('let'). The word is morphologically composed of a numeral prefix, a compound root, and an adjectival suffix.
Detailed Analysis:
Polish Word Analysis: dziewięćdziesięcioośmioletniego
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "dziewięćdziesięcioośmioletniego" is a highly inflected adjective in Polish, meaning "ninety-eight-year-old" (masculine genitive singular). It's a complex word formed through compounding and inflection. Pronunciation involves several consonant clusters and nasal vowels, typical of Polish.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Polish syllabification rules, which prioritize preserving consonant clusters within syllables, the division is as follows (detailed in the JSON output).
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: dziewięć- (nine) - Native Polish, numeral prefix.
- Stem: -dziesięcioośmioletni- (ninety-eight-year-old) - Compound stem.
- -dziesięć- (ten) - Native Polish, numeral root.
- -ośm- (eight) - Native Polish, numeral root.
- -letni- (year-old) - Native Polish, suffix indicating age.
- Suffix: -ego - Genitive singular masculine adjectival ending. Slavic origin.
4. Stress Identification:
Polish stress generally falls on the penultimate (second-to-last) syllable. In this case, the stress falls on "-let-" in "ośmioletniego".
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/d͡ʑɛˈvjɛ̃t͡ɕd͡ʑɛˈɕɛ̃t͡ɕɔˈɔɕmʲɔˈlɛtɲɛɡɔ/
6. Edge Case Review:
Polish syllabification allows for complex consonant clusters at the beginning and end of syllables. The presence of nasal vowels (ę, ą) influences the preceding syllable's structure. The 'rz' cluster is treated as a single phoneme /ʐ/ in many contexts.
7. Grammatical Role:
The word is an adjective. If it were part of a verb construction (hypothetically), the stress pattern would likely remain the same, as inflection doesn't drastically alter stress in Polish.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: dziewięćdziesięcioośmioletniego
- Grammatical Category: Adjective (masculine genitive singular)
- Translation: ninety-eight-year-old
- Synonyms: (None readily available as it's a specific age)
- Antonyms: młodoletniego (underage)
- Examples: "Portret dziewięćdziesięcioośmioletniego mężczyzny wisiał na ścianie." (The portrait of the ninety-eight-year-old man hung on the wall.)
9. Phonological Comparison:
- dwadzieścia (twenty) - dwa-dzie-ścia. Similar initial consonant clusters.
- trzydzieści (thirty) - trzy-dzie-ści. Similar structure with numeral roots.
- czterdzieści (forty) - czte-rzdzie-ści. Similar structure with numeral roots and consonant clusters.
The differences lie in the specific numeral roots and the length of the compound word. "dziewięćdziesięcioośmioletniego" is significantly longer and more complex due to the inclusion of "ośmioletni" (eight-year-old).
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
Regional variations in Polish pronunciation are subtle. Some speakers might slightly reduce the nasal vowels, but the syllabification remains consistent.
11. Division Rules:
- Rule 1: Consonant Cluster Preservation: Polish generally avoids breaking up consonant clusters unless absolutely necessary.
- Rule 2: Vowel-Based Division: Syllables are typically formed around vowels.
- Rule 3: Nasal Vowel Influence: Nasal vowels (ą, ę) often create a closed syllable before them.
- Rule 4: Penultimate Stress: Stress usually falls on the penultimate syllable.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the use of hyphens to join words or parts of words. It plays a crucial role in writing, ensuring clarity and readability.
In compound terms like 'check-in', the hyphen clarifies relationships between words. It also assists in breaking words at line ends, preserving flow and understanding, such as in 'tele-communication'. Hyphenation rules vary; some words lose their hyphens with common usage (e.g., 'email' from 'e-mail'). It's an evolving aspect of language, with guidelines differing across style manuals. Understanding hyphenation improves writing quality, making it an indispensable tool in effective communication.