Hyphenation ofresponsabilizá-lo-íeis

Linguistic Analysis of "responsabilizá-lo-íeis" (Portuguese)

1. Pronunciation Considerations:

The word "responsabilizá-lo-íeis" is a complex verb form in Portuguese, specifically the 2nd person plural (vosotros/vós) imperfect subjunctive of the verb "responsabilizar" (to hold accountable). Pronunciation will vary slightly depending on regional accents (European vs. Brazilian Portuguese). This analysis will primarily focus on European Portuguese pronunciation, as it tends to be more conservative in maintaining vowel distinctions.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Portuguese syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: re- (Latin) - Intensifier, indicating repetition or a renewed action.
• Root: spons- (Latin responsum - past participle of respondere 'to answer') - Relates to answering, taking on a duty.
• Suffixes:
  • -abil- (Latin -abilis) - Adjectival suffix, indicating capability or possibility.
  • -izar- (Latin -izare) - Verb-forming suffix, creating a verb from a noun or adjective.
  • -á- - Imperfect Subjunctive ending.
  • -lo- (Pronoun enclitic) - Direct object pronoun, equivalent to "o" (him/it).
  • -íeis - 2nd person plural imperfect subjunctive ending.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable of the root: "re-spon-sa-bi-li-zá-lo-íeis". The accent mark on "á" indicates this stress.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/ʁɨ.spõ.sɐ.bi.li.ˈza.lu.ˈejʃ/

6. Edge Case Review:

The enclitic pronoun "-lo" presents a slight edge case. While generally attached to the verb, it maintains its own syllabic identity. The vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is common in Portuguese, particularly in European Portuguese.

7. Grammatical Role:

The word is exclusively a verb form. Syllabification remains consistent regardless of its function within a sentence.

8. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: To hold (someone) accountable, to make (someone) responsible.
• Translation: To hold you (plural) accountable.
• Grammatical Category: Verb (Imperfect Subjunctive)
• Synonyms: responsabilizar, imputar, culpar
• Antonyms: desculpar, isentar
• Examples:
  • "Se eu fosse o chefe, responsabilizá-lo-íeis pelas perdas." (If I were the boss, I would hold you accountable for the losses.)

9. Phonological Comparison:

• responsabilidade (responsibility): re-spon-sa-bi-li-da-de. Similar syllable structure, but the final "-dade" adds an extra syllable.
• responsável (responsible): re-spon-sá-vel. Shorter, but shares the "re-spon-sa" syllable sequence. Stress falls on the same syllable.
• civilização (civilization): ci-vi-li-za-ção. Different root, but demonstrates the "-ização" suffix, similar to "-izar" in the target word.

10. Syllable Analysis with Rules & Exceptions:

Division Rules Applied:

• Rule 1: Open Syllables: Syllables ending in a vowel are generally open.
• Rule 2: Closed Syllables: Syllables ending in a consonant are closed.
• Rule 3: Consonant Clusters: Consonant clusters are maintained within syllables.
• Rule 4: Pronoun Enclitics: Enclitic pronouns form separate syllables.
• Rule 5: Stress Placement: Stress generally falls on the penultimate syllable unless indicated otherwise by an accent mark.

Special Considerations:

• The nasalization of vowels before nasal consonants (e.g., "spon") is a common feature of Portuguese phonology.
• The enclitic pronoun "-lo" requires careful consideration as it's attached to the verb but maintains its syllabic identity.
• Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a characteristic of European Portuguese.

Short Analysis:

The word "responsabilizá-lo-íeis" is a complex verb form with nine syllables, stressed on the penultimate syllable of the root ("zá"). Syllabification follows standard Portuguese rules, considering open/closed syllables, consonant clusters, and enclitic pronouns. The word's morphemic structure reveals its Latin origins and verb-forming processes.