Hyphenation ofантидемократическим
Syllable Division:
ан-ти-де-мо-кра-ти-че-ским
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/ɐnʲtʲɪdʲɪmɐˈkratʲɪt͡ɕɪskʲɪm/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
00001001
Primary stress falls on the syllable 'кра' (krat), indicated by '1'. All other syllables are unstressed ('0').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial syllable.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable, reduced vowel.
Closed syllable, stressed syllable, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable, affricate consonant.
Closed syllable, final syllable, palatalized consonant.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: анти-
Greek origin, meaning 'against, opposite of'.
Root: демократи-
Greek origin, meaning 'rule by the people'.
Suffix: -ческим
Slavic origin, adjectival suffix indicating instrumental case, masculine gender, singular number.
Opposed to democracy; contrary to democratic principles.
Translation: anti-democratic
Examples:
"Антидемократические тенденции"
"Антидемократические законы"
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Shares the 'крат' root and similar syllable structure.
Shares the '-кратическ-' component and similar suffix.
Shares the 'анти-' prefix and similar suffix.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Sonority Principle
Syllables are formed around a vowel nucleus, with consonants assigned to the following syllable.
Consonant Clusters
Complex consonant clusters are maintained within a single syllable.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Palatalization of consonants influences pronunciation but not orthographic syllable division.
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables affects pronunciation but not syllable division.
Summary:
The word 'антидемократическим' is divided into eight syllables based on the sonority principle and the handling of consonant clusters. The primary stress falls on the syllable 'кра'. The word is an adjective meaning 'anti-democratic' and consists of a Greek-derived prefix, root, and a Slavic-derived suffix.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "антидемократическим" (antidemokraticheskim)
1. IPA Transcription:
/ɐnʲtʲɪdʲɪmɐˈkratʲɪt͡ɕɪskʲɪm/
2. Morphemic Breakdown:
- Prefix: анти- (anti-) - Greek origin, meaning "against, opposite of".
- Root: демократи- (demokrati-) - Greek origin, meaning "rule by the people".
- Suffix: -ческим (-cheskim) - Slavic origin, adjectival suffix indicating instrumental case, masculine gender, singular number. This suffix is derived from the Old Church Slavonic suffix -ьskъ, which became -skij and then -cheskij in modern Russian.
3. Stressed Syllable(s):
The primary stress falls on the syllable "-кра-".
4. Syllables List with IPA and Rule Explanations:
- ан- /ɐn/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division occurs before a vowel.
- ти- /tʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division occurs before a vowel.
- де- /dʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division occurs before a vowel.
- мо- /mɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division occurs before a vowel.
- кра- /kratʲɪ/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Syllable division occurs before a consonant, but vowel clusters are maintained within a syllable.
- ти- /tʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division occurs before a vowel.
- че- /t͡ɕɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division occurs before a vowel.
- ским /skʲɪm/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Syllable division occurs before a consonant, and the final consonant cluster is maintained within the syllable.
5. Syllable Division Rule Explanations:
The primary rule governing syllable division in Russian is the sonority principle. Syllables tend to be formed around a vowel nucleus. Consonants are generally assigned to the syllable that follows the vowel. However, Russian allows for complex consonant clusters, which are often maintained within a single syllable.
6. Potential Exceptions/Special Cases:
- Palatalization: The palatalization of consonants (indicated by the 'ʲ' in the IPA transcription) influences the phonetic realization of the syllables but doesn't directly affect the orthographic syllable division.
- Vowel Reduction: Unstressed vowels undergo reduction in Russian, which affects pronunciation but not syllable division.
7. Exceptions/Special Cases for the Word as a Whole:
The word is relatively straightforward in terms of syllable division. The main consideration is the handling of the consonant clusters, which are common in Russian morphology.
8. Syllable Division and Parts of Speech:
"антидемократическим" is an adjective. Syllabification remains consistent regardless of grammatical function, as the orthographic form does not change.
9. Definition of the Word:
- Word: антидемократическим (antidemokraticheskim)
- Translation: anti-democratic
- Part of Speech: Adjective
- Definitions:
- Opposed to democracy.
- Contrary to democratic principles.
- Synonyms: недемократичный (nedemokratichnyy), авторитарный (avtoritarnyy)
- Antonyms: демократичный (demokratichnyy)
- Examples:
- "Антидемократические тенденции" (Antidemokraticheskiye tendentsii) - "Anti-democratic tendencies."
- "Антидемократические законы" (Antidemokraticheskiye zakony) - "Anti-democratic laws."
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed above, slight variations in vowel reduction and consonant palatalization may occur depending on the speaker's dialect. These variations do not significantly alter the syllable division.
11. Phonological Comparison with Similar Words:
- демократия (demokratiya) - /dʲɪmɐˈkratʲɪjə/ - Syllables: де-мо-кра-ти-я. Similar syllable structure, stress on "-кра-".
- автократическим (avtokraticheskim) - /ɐftɐˈkratʲɪt͡ɕɪskʲɪm/ - Syllables: ав-то-кра-ти-че-ским. Similar suffix and stress pattern.
- антивоенным (antivoennym) - /ɐnʲtʲɪˈvʲennɨm/ - Syllables: ан-ти-во-ен-ным. Similar prefix and final suffix, though the root differs.
The consistency in syllable division across these words demonstrates the application of the sonority principle and the handling of consonant clusters in Russian phonology. The stress pattern also remains consistent in words with the "-крат-" root.
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