Hyphenation ofантидемократическую

Linguistic Analysis of "антидемократическую" (antidemokratichyeskuyu)

1. IPA Transcription:

/ɐnʲtʲɪdʲɪmɐkratʲɪˈt͡ɕɛskʊjʊ/

2. Morphemic Breakdown:

• Prefix: анти- (anti-) - Greek origin, meaning "against, opposite of".
• Root: демократи- (demokrati-) - Greek origin, meaning "rule by the people".
• Suffix: -ческую (-chyeskuyu) - Slavic origin, adjectival suffix indicating quality or belonging, feminine singular accusative. This suffix is complex, built from -ич- (-ich-) + -еск- (-esk-) + -ую (-uyu).

3. Stressed Syllable(s):

The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: -ти- in -тическую.

4. Syllables List with IPA and Rule Explanations:

• ан- /ɐn/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division occurs before a vowel.
• ти- /tʲɪ/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Syllable division occurs before a consonant, but palatalization influences the preceding vowel.
• де- /dʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division occurs before a vowel.
• мо- /mɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division occurs before a vowel.
• кра- /kratʲɪ/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Syllable division occurs before a consonant.
• ти- /tʲɪ/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Syllable division occurs before a consonant.
• че- /t͡ɕɛ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division occurs before a vowel.
• ску- /skʊ/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Syllable division occurs before a consonant.
• ю /jʊ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division occurs before a vowel.

5. Syllable Division Rule Explanations:

The primary rule governing syllable division in Russian is the sonority principle. Syllables tend to be formed around a vowel nucleus. Consonant clusters are generally broken up in a way that maximizes the sonority of the syllable. Palatalization of consonants also influences syllable structure.

6. Potential Exceptions/Special Cases:

• The palatalization of consonants (indicated by the soft sign 'ь' and the vowels я, е, ё, ю, и) affects the preceding vowel, creating a more closed syllable.
• Consonant clusters can sometimes be broken differently depending on the specific consonants involved and the surrounding vowels.

7. Exceptions/Special Cases for the Word as a Whole:

The word is relatively straightforward in its syllabification, adhering to standard Russian phonological rules. The complex suffix poses a slight challenge, but it is broken down according to the vowel-consonant pattern.

8. Syllabification and Parts of Speech:

The word is an adjective. Syllabification remains consistent regardless of grammatical function, as the orthography does not change. Stress, however, can shift in some cases depending on declension and gender, but the syllable division itself remains the same.

9. Definition & Semantics:

• Word: антидемократическую (antidemokratichyeskuyu)
• Translation: anti-democratic (feminine singular accusative)
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Synonyms: недемократическую (nedemokratichyeskuyu - non-democratic), авторитарную (avtoritarnuyu - authoritarian)
• Antonyms: демократическую (demokratichyeskuyu - democratic)
• Examples:
  • "Она критиковала антидемократическую политику правительства." (Ona kritikovala antidemokratichyeskuyu politiku pravitel'stva.) - "She criticized the anti-democratic policies of the government."

10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

Regional variations in pronunciation might affect the degree of vowel reduction in unstressed syllables. However, the core syllable division remains consistent. Some speakers might slightly reduce the vowel /ɐ/ in the first syllable to a schwa /ə/.

11. Phonological Comparison with Similar Words:

• демократия (demokratiya): де-мо-кра-ти-я /dʲɪmɐˈkratʲɪjə/ - Similar syllable structure, stress on the third syllable.
• автократия (avtokratiya): ав-то-кра-ти-я /ɐfˈtokratʲɪjə/ - Similar syllable structure, stress on the second syllable.
• аристократия (aristokratiya): а-рис-то-кра-ти-я /ɐrʲɪsˈtokratʲɪjə/ - Similar syllable structure, stress on the fourth syllable.

These words demonstrate the consistent application of Russian syllabification rules, with syllable division occurring primarily before vowels. The differences in stress placement are due to the inherent stress patterns of each word, not a change in syllabification rules.