Hyphenation ofвысокопринципиальною

Linguistic Analysis of "высокопринципиальною" (Russian)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "высокопринципиальною" is a long, complex adjective in Russian, meaning "highly principled." It's formed through a series of prefixes and suffixes attached to a root. Pronunciation involves careful attention to vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, a common feature of Russian phonology.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: "высоко-" (vysoko-) - Origin: Slavic. Function: Intensifier, meaning "highly" or "very."
• Root: "принципиа-" (printsipia-) - Origin: Latin (principium - principle). Function: Core meaning related to principles.
• Suffix: "-льною" (-l'noyu) - Origin: Slavic. Function: Adjectival ending, indicating feminine singular, instrumental case.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: вы-со-ко-прин-ци-пи-а́ль-ною.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/vɨsɐˈkɐprʲɪntsʲɪˈpʲɪəlʲnəjʊ/

6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:

Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:

• вы- /vɨ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division generally occurs before a vowel. No exceptions.
• со- /sɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. No exceptions.
• ко- /kɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. No exceptions.
• при- /prʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. No exceptions.
• нци- /ntsʲɪ/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant clusters are generally broken after the first consonant if followed by a vowel. Exception: The 'нц' cluster is often treated as a unit, but here it's split due to the following vowel.
• пи- /pʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. No exceptions.
• а́ль- /álʲ/ - Stressed, closed syllable. Rule: Stress influences syllable prominence. The 'ль' is a palatalized liquid consonant.
• но- /nə/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. No exceptions.
• ю /jʊ/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Syllable division after a vowel if followed by a consonant. No exceptions.

7. Edge Case Review:

The 'нц' cluster in "принци-" is a potential edge case. While sometimes treated as a unit, the following vowel necessitates a split.

8. Grammatical Role:

The word is an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence.

9. Definition & Semantics:

• Word: высокопринципиальною
• Part of Speech: Adjective (feminine, instrumental singular)
• Definitions:
  • "Highly principled"
  • "Of high principles"
• Translation: Highly principled
• Synonyms: принципиальной (printsipial'noy), моральной (moral'noy)
• Antonyms: беспринципной (besprintsipial'noy), аморальной (amoral'noy)
• Examples:
  • "Она была женщиной высокопринципиальною." (Ona byla zhenshchinoy vysokoprintsipeal'noyu.) - "She was a highly principled woman."

10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, some regional variations might exhibit slight differences in vowel reduction or palatalization. However, these variations generally don't affect the core syllabification.

11. Phonological Comparison:

• высокий (vysokiy) - "high": вы-со-кий /vɨˈsokʲɪj/ - Similar syllable structure, stress on the penultimate syllable.
• принцип (printsip) - "principle": прин-цип /prʲɪnˈtsʲɪp/ - Similar root syllable structure, with the 'нц' cluster.
• официальный (ofitsial'nyy) - "official": о-фи-ци-аль-ный /ɐfʲɪˈtsʲɪəlʲnɨj/ - Demonstrates a similar pattern of vowel-consonant syllable division.

The differences in syllable count and stress placement are due to the addition of prefixes and suffixes in "высокопринципиальною," altering the overall word length and phonological weight.