Hyphenation ofвысокопринципиальный

Linguistic Analysis of "высокопринципиальный" (vysokoprint︠s︡ipialʹnyy)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "высокопринципиальный" (vysokoprint︠s︡ipialʹnyy) is a Russian adjective meaning "highly principled." It's a relatively long word formed through compounding and suffixation. Pronunciation involves careful attention to vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, palatalization of consonants before 'e', and the pronunciation of the soft sign (ʹ) which indicates palatalization of the preceding consonant.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: высок- (vysok-) - From Proto-Slavic vysokъ, meaning "high." Function: Intensifier, indicating a high degree of the quality described by the root.
• Root: принцип- (printsip-) - Borrowed from German Prinzip (principle), ultimately from Latin principium (beginning, origin). Function: Core meaning of "principle."
• Suffix: -иальн- (-ialʹn-) - A suffix forming adjectives from nouns, often indicating a quality or characteristic. Origin: French/Latin influence.
• Suffix: -ый (-yy) - Adjectival ending, indicating masculine singular nominative case.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the fifth syllable: вы-со-ко-прин-ци-пи-аль-ный.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/vɨsɐˈkɐprʲɪntsʲɪˈpʲalʲnɨj/

6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:

Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:

• вы- (/vɨ/) - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division generally occurs before vowels. No exceptions.
• со- (/sɐ/) - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before vowels. No exceptions.
• ко- (/kɐ/) - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before vowels. No exceptions.
• прин- (/prʲɪn/) - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant clusters are generally broken before vowels. The 'р' is palatalized due to the following 'и'.
• ци- (/tsʲɪ/) - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before vowels. 'ц' is palatalized due to the following 'и'.
• пи- (/pʲɪ/) - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before vowels. 'п' is palatalized due to the following 'и'.
• аль- (/alʲ/) - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before vowels. 'л' is palatalized due to the following 'ь'.
• ный (/nɨj/) - Closed syllable. Rule: Syllable division after vowels, especially when followed by a consonant cluster. The soft sign (ʹ) indicates palatalization of the preceding consonant.

7. Edge Case Review:

Russian syllabification generally avoids leaving a single consonant at the beginning of a syllable. This rule is consistently followed in this word. Vowel reduction (акáнье) is a significant factor in pronunciation, but doesn't directly affect syllable division.

8. Grammatical Role:

The word is primarily an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of grammatical case or number.

9. Definition & Semantics:

• Word: высокопринципиальный (vysokoprint︠s︡ipialʹnyy)
• Grammatical Category: Adjective
• Translation: Highly principled, uncompromising, scrupulous
• Synonyms: принципиальный (printsipialʹnyy - principled), строгий (strogiy - strict), неподкупный (nepodkupnyy - incorruptible)
• Antonyms: беспринципный (besprintsipialʹnyy - unprincipled), недобросовестный (nedobrosovestnyy - unscrupulous)
• Example: Он человек высокопринципиальный. (On chelovek vysokoprint︠s︡ipialʹnyy.) - He is a highly principled man.

10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed above, some regional variations might exhibit slight differences in vowel reduction or the degree of palatalization. However, these variations do not typically alter the syllable division.

11. Phonological Comparison:

• малообразованный (maloobrazovannyy): ма-ло-об-ра-зо-ван-ный. Similar structure with prefix, root, and suffix. Syllable division follows the same vowel-based rules.
• несовершеннолетний (nesovershennoletniy): не-со-вер-шен-но-лет-ний. Longer word with more prefixes and suffixes, but the core syllabification principles remain consistent.
• бесхозяйственный (beskhozyaystvennyy): бес-хо-зяй-ствен-ный. Demonstrates similar consonant cluster breaking before vowels.