Hyphenation ofдезинформированными

Linguistic Analysis of "дезинформированными" (Russian)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "дезинформированными" is a Russian adjective in the plural, instrumental case, masculine/neuter. It's a complex word formed through prefixation and suffixation. Pronunciation involves a mix of voiced and voiceless consonants, and vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a key feature of Russian phonology.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters): де-зин-фор-ми-ро-ван-ны-ми

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: де- (from Latin de- meaning "down, away, removal"). Function: negation or reversal.
• Root: -информирова- (from Latin informare meaning "to inform"). Function: core meaning related to information.
• Suffix: -нн- (past passive participle suffix). Function: indicates a completed action done to the subject.
• Suffix: -ы- (plural marker for instrumental case). Function: grammatical number and case.
• Suffix: -ми (instrumental case ending). Function: grammatical case.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the fourth syllable: де-зин-фор-ми-ро-ван-ны-ми.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/dʲɪzʲɪn fɐrˈmʲirəvənːɨmʲɪ/

6. Edge Case Review:

Russian syllabification generally follows the principle of maximizing onsets. Consonant clusters are usually broken up to create syllables with a consonant-vowel structure. The double 'нн' presents a slight edge case, but is treated as a single consonant cluster within the syllable.

7. Grammatical Role:

As an adjective, the syllabification and stress remain consistent. If it were hypothetically used as a verbal form (though uncommon), the stress might shift slightly depending on the specific verbal construction.

8. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: "Informed in a deceptive way," "misinformed."
• Grammatical Category: Adjective (plural, instrumental case, masculine/neuter).
• Translation: Misinformed, deceived (with information).
• Synonyms: обманутые (obmanutye - deceived), введенные в заблуждение (vedennye v zabluzhdeniye - led astray).
• Antonyms: достоверно информированные (dostoverno informirovannye - reliably informed).
• Examples:
  • "Они были дезинформированы о ситуации." (Oni byli dezinformirovany o situatsii.) - "They were misinformed about the situation."
  • "Дезинформированными гражданами манипулировали." (Dezinformirovannymi grazhdanami manipulirovali.) - "The misinformed citizens were manipulated."

9. Phonological Comparison:

• информированный (informirovannyy): ин-фор-ми-ро-ван-ный. Similar structure, stress on the third syllable.
• дезинформация (dezinformatsiya): де-зин-фор-ма-ци-я. Similar prefix and root, stress on the fourth syllable.
• сформированный (sformirovannyy): с-фор-ми-ро-ван-ный. Similar suffixation, stress on the third syllable.

The differences in stress placement are due to the varying length and weight of the prefixes and suffixes. The rule of final syllable attraction plays a role in determining stress.

10. Division Rules:

• Rule 1: Sonority Sequencing Principle: Syllables are formed to maximize sonority, with a peak (nucleus) typically being a vowel.
• Rule 2: Consonant Cluster Resolution: Consonant clusters are broken up to create permissible syllable structures (typically CV).
• Rule 3: Maximizing Onsets: Syllables prefer to have onsets (initial consonants) whenever possible.

11. Special Considerations:

Vowel reduction is a significant factor in Russian pronunciation. Unstressed vowels are often reduced to schwa-like sounds or disappear altogether. This doesn't affect the syllable division itself, but it impacts the phonetic realization of the word.

12. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

Regional variations in pronunciation might affect the degree of vowel reduction, but the syllable division remains consistent.

13. Short Analysis:

"Дезинформированными" is a complex Russian adjective meaning "misinformed." It's divided into eight syllables: де-зин-фор-ми-ро-ван-ны-ми, with stress on the fourth syllable. It's formed from a Latin-derived root with Russian prefixes and suffixes, and its syllabification follows standard Russian phonological rules prioritizing CV structures and maximizing onsets.