Hyphenation ofдесенсибилизировать
Syllable Division:
де-сен-си-би-ли-зи-ро-вать
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/dʲɪsʲɪnʲsʲɪbʲɪlʲɪˈzʲɪrəvətʲ/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
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Primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable ('ро').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, vowel reduction.
Open syllable, consonant palatalization, vowel reduction.
Open syllable, consonant palatalization.
Open syllable, consonant palatalization.
Open syllable, consonant palatalization.
Open syllable, consonant palatalization.
Open syllable, vowel reduction.
Closed syllable, palatalization of 't'.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: де-
Latin origin (dis-), negation.
Root: сенсибилиз-
Latin origin (sensibilis), relating to sensation.
Suffix: -ь
Russian grammatical marker, infinitive form.
To desensitize
Translation: To desensitize
Examples:
"Его пытались десенсибилизировать к аллергену."
"Десенсибилизация помогает уменьшить реакцию на раздражители."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Shared root and similar suffixation.
Similar suffixation and syllable structure.
Similar suffixation and handling of consonant clusters.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Open Syllable Preference
Russian favors open syllables (ending in a vowel).
Consonant Cluster Accommodation
Consonant clusters are permissible at the beginning of a syllable.
Palatalization
Consonants are palatalized before 'е', 'ё', 'и', 'ю', 'я'.
Vowel Reduction
Unstressed vowels are reduced (e.g., 'о' to /ə/, 'е' to /ɪ/).
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Vowel reduction is a significant factor in pronunciation and can influence perceived syllable boundaries.
Regional variations in vowel reduction may exist.
Summary:
The word 'десенсибилизировать' is syllabified as де-сен-си-би-ли-зи-ро-вать, with stress on the penultimate syllable. It's a verb formed from a Latin root with Russian prefixes and suffixes. Syllable division follows Russian rules prioritizing open syllables and accommodating consonant clusters, with vowel reduction playing a key role.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "десенсибилизировать" (desensibilizirovat')
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "десенсибилизировать" (desensibilizirovat') is a verb meaning "to desensitize." It's a relatively long word, formed through borrowing and affixation. Pronunciation involves a complex interplay of consonant clusters and vowel reduction, typical of Russian.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters): де-сен-си-би-ли-зи-ро-вать
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: де- (de-) - Origin: Latin (dis-). Function: Reversal or negation.
- Root: сенсибилиз- (sensibiliz-) - Origin: Latin (sensibilis - capable of perceiving). Function: Relating to sensation or sensitivity.
- Suffix: -ироват- (-irovat') - Origin: Russian verbal suffix. Function: Forms the infinitive of a verb, indicating a process or action.
- Suffix: -ь (-') - Origin: Russian grammatical marker. Function: Indicates infinitive form.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: де-сен-си-би-ли-зи-ро́-вать.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/dʲɪsʲɪnʲsʲɪbʲɪlʲɪˈzʲɪrəvətʲ/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
- де /dʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable onset can be a consonant or consonant cluster. Vowel 'e' is reduced to /ɪ/ in an unstressed position.
- сен /sʲɪn/ - Open syllable. Rule: Consonant 'с' palatalizes before 'е'. Vowel 'е' is reduced to /ɪ/ in an unstressed position.
- си /sʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Consonant 'с' palatalizes before 'и'.
- би /bʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Consonant 'б' palatalizes before 'и'.
- ли /lʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Consonant 'л' palatalizes before 'и'.
- зи /zʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Consonant 'з' palatalizes before 'и'.
- ро /rə/ - Open syllable. Vowel reduction applies to 'о' in an unstressed position.
- вать /vətʲ/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Syllable can end in a consonant. 'т' palatalizes the preceding vowel.
7. Edge Case Review:
Russian syllabification generally favors open syllables. However, consonant clusters are permissible, especially at the beginning of a syllable. The palatalization of consonants before 'е', 'ё', 'и', 'ю', 'я' is a crucial aspect of Russian phonology and affects syllable structure.
8. Grammatical Role:
The word is primarily a verb. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function (e.g., in different verb forms).
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: десенсибилизировать (desensibilizirovat')
- Part of Speech: Verb (Perfective)
- Definitions:
- "To desensitize" - to reduce emotional responsiveness.
- "To make insensitive"
- Translation: To desensitize
- Synonyms: притупить (pritupit') - to dull, ослабить (oslabit') - to weaken
- Antonyms: сенсибилизировать (sensibilizirovat') - to sensitize
- Examples:
- "Его пытались десенсибилизировать к аллергену." (Ego pytalis desensibilizirovat' k allergenu.) - "They tried to desensitize him to the allergen."
- "Десенсибилизация помогает уменьшить реакцию на раздражители." (Desensibilizatsiya pomogayet umen'shit' reaktsiyu na razdrazhiteli.) - "Desensitization helps reduce the reaction to irritants."
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed above, some regional variations might exhibit slight differences in vowel reduction or consonant palatalization. However, these variations generally do not affect the core syllable structure.
11. Phonological Comparison:
- сенсибилизация (sensibilizatsiya): де-сен-си-би-ли-за-ци-я. Similar syllable structure, with the addition of the suffix "-ция".
- интенсифицировать (intensifitsirovat'): ин-тен-си-фи-ци-ро-вать. Similar structure with a different root, demonstrating the consistent application of syllabification rules.
- реабилитировать (reabilitirovat'): ре-а-би-ли-ти-ро-вать. Similar structure, showing how consonant clusters are handled within syllables.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.