Hyphenation ofдискредитировавшимися
Syllable Division:
ди-скре-ди-ти-ро-вав-ши-ми-ся
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/dʲɪskrʲɪdʲɪtʲɪˈrovəvʂɪmʲɪsʲə/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
000010000
Primary stress falls on the fifth syllable ('ро').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial syllable.
Closed syllable, consonant cluster.
Open syllable.
Open syllable.
Open, stressed syllable.
Open syllable, vowel reduction.
Open syllable.
Open syllable, palatalization.
Open syllable, palatalization.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: дис-
From Greek *dys-*, meaning 'bad, ill, difficult'. Negating prefix.
Root: кредит-
From Latin *creditus*, meaning 'trust, belief'.
Suffix: -ирова-,-вш-,-и-,-ми-,-ся
Verbal suffix, past participle suffix, connective vowel, participle ending, reflexive particle.
Having been discredited
Translation: Discredited
Examples:
"Дискредитировавшимися политиками никто не доверяет."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar prefix and suffix structure.
Similar prefix and suffix structure.
Similar prefix and suffix structure.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Vowel Nucleus
Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei.
Maximizing Onsets
Consonant clusters are maintained at the beginning of syllables where possible.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables.
Palatalization of consonants before 'и' and 'я'.
Summary:
The word 'дискредитировавшимися' is divided into nine syllables based on vowel nuclei and maximizing onsets. It's a complex past active participle with a Greek-derived prefix, a Latin-derived root, and multiple suffixes. The primary stress falls on the fifth syllable. Syllabification follows standard Russian rules, with considerations for vowel reduction and palatalization.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "дискредитировавшимися" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "дискредитировавшимися" is a complex verbal adjective (past active participle) meaning "having been discredited." It's a relatively long word, and its pronunciation involves several vowel reductions common in unstressed syllables in Russian.
2. Syllable Division:
ди-скре-ди-ти-ро-вав-ши-ми-ся
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: дис- (dis-) - From Greek dys- meaning "bad, ill, difficult." Functions to negate or reverse the action of the root.
- Root: кредит- (kredit-) - From Latin creditus meaning "trust, belief." Forms the core meaning related to credibility.
- Suffixes:
- -ирова- (-irova-) - A verbal suffix used to form verbs from nouns or other verbs, often indicating a process or action.
- -вш- (-vsh-) - Past participle suffix.
- -и- (-i-) - Connective vowel.
- -ми- (-mi-) - Participle ending, indicating plural and masculine/neuter gender.
- -ся (-sya) - Reflexive/passive particle, here forming a passive participle.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the fifth syllable: ди-скре-ди-ти-ро-вав-ши-ми-ся.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/dʲɪskrʲɪdʲɪtʲɪˈrovəvʂɪmʲɪsʲə/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
- ди /dʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. The 'и' is a vowel in this position.
- скре /skrʲɪ/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant clusters are generally maintained within a syllable unless they are easily breakable due to sonority.
- ди /dʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Same as above.
- ти /tʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Same as above.
- ро /ro/ - Open syllable. Rule: Same as above. This syllable receives the stress.
- вав /vɐv/ - Open syllable. Vowel reduction occurs here.
- ши /ʂɪ/ - Open syllable.
- ми /mʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Palatalization of 'м' due to the following 'и'.
- ся /sʲə/ - Open syllable. Palatalization of 'с' due to the following 'я'.
7. Edge Case Review & Exceptions:
Russian syllabification generally follows the principle of maximizing onsets (consonant clusters at the beginning of a syllable). The word doesn't present any major exceptions, though vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a significant phonetic feature that doesn't directly affect the syllabic division.
8. Grammatical Role & Syllabification Shifts:
The word is a past active participle, functioning as an adjective. If the word were a verb (hypothetically, a past tense form), the syllabification would remain the same. Stress placement, however, could shift in different verb forms.
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: дискредитировавшимися
- Part of Speech: Adjective (Past Active Participle)
- Definitions:
- "Having been discredited"
- "Having lost credibility"
- Translation: Discredited, having lost credibility
- Synonyms: опороченными (oporochnymi - defamed), уничтожившими репутацию (unichtozhivshimi reputatsiyu - having destroyed reputation)
- Antonyms: подтвердившими (podtverdivshimi - having confirmed), укрепившими (ukrepivshimi - having strengthened)
- Examples:
- "Дискредитировавшимися политиками никто не доверяет." (Diskreditirovavshimisya politikami nikto ne doveryayet.) - "No one trusts the discredited politicians."
10. Alternative Pronunciations & Regional Variations:
While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed above, some regional variations might exhibit slight differences in vowel reduction or palatalization. However, these variations generally do not alter the syllabic structure.
11. Phonological Comparison:
- информированный (informirovannyj): ин-фор-ми-ро-ван-ный. Similar structure with prefixes and suffixes. Stress falls on the fourth syllable.
- сформировавшийся (sformirovas'hijsi): с-фор-ми-ро-вав-ший-ся. Similar prefix and suffix structure. Stress falls on the fifth syllable.
- дезинформировавший (dezinformirovavshij): де-зин-фор-ми-ро-вав-ший. Similar prefix and suffix structure. Stress falls on the fifth syllable.
The syllable division in all these words follows the same principles: vowel nuclei, maximizing onsets, and maintaining consonant clusters where possible. The primary difference lies in the stress placement, which is determined by morphological structure and lexical rules.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.