Hyphenation ofдискредитировавшихся

Linguistic Analysis of "дискредитировавшихся" (Russian)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "дискредитировавшихся" is a past active participle, masculine plural, of the verb "дискредитировать" (to discredit). It's a relatively long word with a complex morphological structure. Pronunciation involves a mix of voiced and voiceless consonants, palatalization, and vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, typical of Russian.

2. Syllable Division:

ди-скре-ди-ти-ро-вав-ших-ся

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: дис- (dis-) - From Greek dys- meaning "bad, ill, difficult". Function: Negation, reversal.
• Root: кредит (kredit) - From Latin creditum meaning "trust, belief". Function: Core meaning related to trust/belief.
• Suffixes:
  • -ирова- (-irova-) - Verbal suffix forming verbs of imperfective aspect. Function: Verb formation.
  • -вш- (-vsh-) - Past participle suffix. Function: Indicates completed action.
  • -их- (-ikh) - Plural masculine/feminine genitive/accusative ending for past participles. Function: Grammatical number and gender marking.
  • -ся (-sya) - Reflexive/passive particle. Function: Indicates a reflexive action or a passive state.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the fifth syllable: ди-скре-ди-ти-ро-вав-ших-ся.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/dʲɪskrʲɪdʲɪtʲɪˈrovəvʂɪxʲsʲæ/

6. Edge Case Review:

Russian syllabification generally follows the sonority hierarchy, but vowel reduction in unstressed syllables can complicate the perception of syllable boundaries. The presence of the soft sign (ь) influences the preceding consonant's pronunciation and can affect syllabification.

7. Grammatical Role:

The word is a past active participle, functioning as an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical role within a sentence.

8. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: Those who have discredited themselves.
• Translation: Discredited (ones), having discredited themselves.
• Grammatical Category: Past Active Participle (Adjective)
• Synonyms: опозорившихся (opozorivshikhsya - having disgraced themselves), потерявших репутацию (poteryavshikh reputatsiyu - having lost reputation)
• Antonyms: прославившихся (proslavivshikhsya - having glorified themselves), заслуживших уважение (zasluzhivshikh uvazheniye - having earned respect)
• Examples:
  • "Дискредитировавшихся политиков никто не уважает." (Discredited politicians are not respected by anyone.)
  • "После скандала дискредитировавшихся чиновников уволили." (After the scandal, the discredited officials were fired.)

9. Phonological Comparison:

• информировавшихся (informirovavshikhsya): ин-фор-ми-ро-вав-ших-ся. Similar structure with the -ирова- suffix. Stress falls on the fourth syllable.
• сфабриковавшихся (sfabrikavshikhsya): сфа-бри-ко-вав-ших-ся. Similar structure with the -вав- suffix. Stress falls on the third syllable.
• дезинформировавшихся (dezinformirovavshikhsya): де-зин-фор-ми-ро-вав-ших-ся. Similar structure with the prefix дес- and -ирова- suffix. Stress falls on the fifth syllable.

The syllable division is consistent across these words, primarily dictated by vowel-consonant boundaries and the placement of suffixes. Differences in stress are due to the inherent stress patterns of the root morphemes.

10. Division Rules:

• Rule 1: Sonority Principle: Syllables are formed around a vowel nucleus, with consonants gravitating towards the nearest vowel.
• Rule 2: Consonant Clusters: Consonant clusters are generally split according to the sonority hierarchy, with more sonorous consonants forming the syllable onset.
• Rule 3: Morphological Boundaries: Syllable boundaries often coincide with morpheme boundaries, especially when suffixes are involved.
• Rule 4: Palatalization: Palatalized consonants tend to remain within the same syllable as the following vowel.

11. Special Considerations:

The soft sign (ь) in "вшихся" affects the pronunciation of the preceding consonant (ш) and influences the syllable boundary. Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables (e.g., "и" becoming "ы") can make syllable boundaries less distinct in spoken language.

12. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, some regional variations might exhibit slight differences in vowel quality or stress placement, but these variations generally do not alter the fundamental syllable division.