Hyphenation ofдискриминировавшему
Syllable Division:
ди-скри-ми-ни-ро-вав-ше-му
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/dʲɪskrʲɪmʲɪnʲɪˈrovəvʂɪmʊ/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
00001000
Primary stress falls on the fifth syllable ('ро').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial syllable.
Closed syllable, consonant cluster.
Open syllable.
Open syllable.
Open, stressed syllable.
Open syllable.
Open syllable.
Closed syllable, final syllable.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: дис-
From Greek *dys-*, meaning 'bad, difficult'. Negation.
Root: -кримини-
From Latin *crimen*, meaning 'crime, accusation'. Core meaning.
Suffix: -ровавшему
Combination of verbal suffixes: -рова- (infinitive), -в- (past tense), -ш- (participial), -ему (dative singular masculine).
Having discriminated against
Translation: Having discriminated against
Examples:
"Обществу было предложено помочь дискриминировавшему."
"Он был благодарен дискриминировавшему его начальнику."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar verbal structure and suffixation.
Similar verbal structure and suffixation.
Similar verbal structure and suffixation, with a more complex root.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Vowel-Based Division
Syllable division generally occurs before a vowel.
Consonant Cluster Maintenance
Consonant clusters are maintained within syllables where possible.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Vowel reduction (akan'ye/okan'ye) affects pronunciation but not syllable division.
Russian allows for complex consonant clusters.
Summary:
The word 'дискриминировавшему' is a past active participle with eight syllables divided based on vowel presence and consonant cluster maintenance. The stress falls on the fifth syllable. It's morphologically complex, built from a Greek prefix, Latin root, and multiple Russian suffixes.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "дискриминировавшему" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "дискриминировавшему" is a complex verbal adjective (participle) in Russian, derived from the verb "дискриминировать" (to discriminate). Its pronunciation involves a series of consonant clusters and vowel reductions typical of Russian.
2. Syllable Division:
ди-скри-ми-ни-ро-вав-ше-му
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: дис- (dis-) - From Greek dys- meaning "bad, difficult". Function: Negation, prefixing the verb.
- Root: -кримини- (-krimini-) - From Latin crimen meaning "crime, accusation". Function: Core meaning of the verb.
- Suffixes:
- -рова- (-rova-) - Verbal suffix forming the infinitive.
- -в- (-v-) - Past tense marker.
- -ш- (-sh-) - Participial suffix indicating past active participle.
- -ему (-emu) - Dative singular masculine ending.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the fifth syllable: ди-скри-ми-ни-ро-вав-ше-му.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/dʲɪskrʲɪmʲɪnʲɪˈrovəvʂɪmʊ/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
- ди /dʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division generally occurs before a vowel. Potential exception: The initial consonant cluster /dʲ/ is permissible.
- скри /skrʲɪ/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Syllable division occurs after a consonant if it's followed by a vowel.
- ми /mʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel.
- ни /nʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel.
- ро /ro/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. This syllable carries the stress.
- вав /vɐv/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel.
- ше /ʂɛ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel.
- му /mʊ/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Syllable division after a consonant if it's followed by a vowel.
7. Edge Case Review:
Russian allows for consonant clusters, and this word contains several. Syllabification prioritizes vowel-based division, but consonant clusters are maintained within syllables where possible. Vowel reduction (akan'ye/okan'ye) affects the pronunciation of unstressed vowels, but doesn't alter the syllable division.
8. Grammatical Role:
The word is a past active participle in the dative singular masculine form. Syllabification remains consistent regardless of grammatical function.
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: дискриминировавшему
- Translation: Having discriminated against (masculine, dative singular)
- Part of Speech: Past Active Participle (Adjective)
- Synonyms: ущемленному, обиженному (oppressed, offended)
- Antonyms: поддерживавшему, помогавшему (supporting, helping)
- Examples:
- "Обществу было предложено помочь дискриминировавшему." (Society was asked to help the discriminated against.)
- "Он был благодарен дискриминировавшему его начальнику." (He was grateful to the boss who discriminated against him.)
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
Regional variations in vowel reduction (akan'ye vs. okan'ye) might affect the precise pronunciation of unstressed vowels, but not the syllable division.
11. Phonological Comparison:
- информировавшему (having informed): ди-скри-ми-ни-ро-вав-ше-му vs. ин-фор-ми-ро-вав-ше-му. Similar structure, same syllable division rules apply.
- оценивавшему (having evaluated): ди-скри-ми-ни-ро-вав-ше-му vs. о-це-ни-вав-ше-му. Similar structure, same syllable division rules apply.
- организовавшему (having organized): ди-скри-ми-ни-ро-вав-ше-му vs. о-р-га-ни-зо-вав-ше-му. Similar structure, same syllable division rules apply. The presence of more consonant clusters in "организовавшему" doesn't alter the fundamental syllable division principles.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.