Hyphenation ofмелкокристаллическую
Syllable Division:
ме-лко-кри-стал-ли-че-скую
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/ˈmʲeɫkəkrʲɪsˌtalʲɪt͡ɕɪskʊjʉ/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
0001001
Primary stress falls on the fifth syllable (ли) of the word, following standard Russian stress patterns.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial syllable.
Closed syllable, consonant cluster.
Open syllable, root beginning.
Closed syllable, root continuation.
Open syllable, suffix beginning.
Open syllable, suffix continuation.
Closed syllable, feminine ending.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: ме-
From *melkiy* meaning 'small', Proto-Slavic origin, denotes small size.
Root: кристалл-
From Greek *krystallos* meaning 'ice', core meaning relating to crystals.
Suffix: -ич-еск-ую
Slavic suffixes forming a derivative adjective with a quality/characteristic and feminine singular nominative/accusative ending.
Finely crystalline
Translation: Finely crystalline
Examples:
"Мелкокристаллическую структуру почвы изучали ученые."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Shares the 'кристалл-' root, demonstrating consistent syllabification.
Shares the 'кристалл-' root, demonstrating consistent syllabification.
Contains the 'ме-' prefix, showing consistent syllabification of this element.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Vowel Nucleus Rule
Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. Each syllable must contain a vowel sound.
Consonant Cluster Rule
Consonant clusters are generally broken after the first consonant if a vowel follows.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Russian allows for some flexibility in syllabification, particularly with consonant clusters, but the provided division is the most standard.
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a key feature of Russian pronunciation and influences the phonetic realization of the syllables.
Summary:
The word 'мелкокристаллическую' is a complex adjective syllabified into seven syllables (ме-лко-кри-стал-ли-че-скую) with stress on the fifth syllable. It's morphologically composed of the prefix 'ме-', the root 'кристалл-', and several suffixes. Syllabification follows the vowel nucleus rule and consonant cluster rule, typical for Russian.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "мелкокристаллическую" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "мелкокристаллическую" is a long, complex adjective meaning "finely crystalline" or "small-crystalline". It's formed through a series of prefixation and suffixation processes. Pronunciation involves careful attention to vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, a common feature of Russian phonology.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):
ме-лко-кри-стал-ли-че-скую
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: ме- (from melkiy - "small, fine"). Origin: Proto-Slavic. Function: Denotes small size or degree.
- Root: кристалл- (kristall-). Origin: Greek krystallos ("ice"). Function: Core meaning relating to crystals.
- Suffixes: -ич- (ich-), -еск- (esk-), -ую (uyu). Origin: Slavic. Function: -ич- forms a derivative adjective, -еск- forms an adjective denoting a quality or characteristic, -ую is the feminine singular nominative/accusative ending.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the fifth syllable: кри-стал-ли-че-скую.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/ˈmʲeɫkəkrʲɪsˌtalʲɪt͡ɕɪskʊjʉ/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
- ме- /mʲe/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. No consonant clusters prevent division.
- лко- /ɫkə/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant clusters are generally broken after the first consonant if a vowel follows.
- кри- /krʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei.
- стал- /sˌtalʲ/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant clusters are generally broken after the first consonant if a vowel follows.
- ли- /lʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei.
- че- /t͡ɕe/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei.
- скую /skʊjʉ/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei.
7. Edge Case Review:
Russian allows for some flexibility in syllabification, particularly with consonant clusters. However, the above division is the most standard and reflects the typical pronunciation.
8. Grammatical Role:
The word is an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function (e.g., modifying a noun).
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: мелкокристаллическую
- Part of Speech: Adjective
- Definitions:
- "Finely crystalline"
- "Small-crystalline"
- Translation: "Finely crystalline"
- Synonyms: мелкозернистую (melkozernistuyu - "fine-grained"), микрокристаллическую (mikrokristallicheskuyu - "microcrystalline")
- Antonyms: крупнокристаллическую (krupnokristallicheskuyu - "coarse-crystalline")
- Examples:
- "Мелкокристаллическую структуру почвы изучали ученые." ("Scientists studied the finely crystalline structure of the soil.")
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed above, some regional variations might exhibit slight differences in vowel reduction or palatalization. However, these variations generally do not affect the core syllabification.
11. Phonological Comparison:
- кристаллизация (kristallizatsiya) - "crystallization" - Syllables: кри-стал-ли-за-ци-я. Similar structure, demonstrating the consistent syllabification of "кристалл-".
- кристальный (kristal'nyy) - "crystalline" - Syllables: кри-стал-ный. Similar root, showing consistent syllable division around the vowel nuclei.
- мелкий (melkiy) - "small" - Syllables: мел-кий. Demonstrates the syllabification of the prefix "ме-".
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.