Hyphenation ofпротивопоставившимся

Linguistic Analysis of "противопоставившимся" (Russian)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "противопоставившимся" is a complex verbal adjective (past active participle) in Russian. It's formed from the verb "противопоставить" (to oppose, to set against). Pronunciation involves a series of consonant clusters and vowel reductions typical of Russian.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):

про-ти-во-по-ста-вив-шим-ся

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: про- (Old Slavic, indicates completion or direction 'against')
• Root: -став- (Indo-European root *stā- meaning 'to stand, to set')
• Suffixes: -ив- (forms a past active participle), -шим- (participial ending indicating masculine singular past tense), -ся (reflexive/passive particle, here indicating a completed action affecting the subject)

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the fifth syllable: про-ти-во-по-ста-вив-шим-ся.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/prətʲɪvəpəˈstavʲɪvʂɨmˈsʲæ/

6. Syllable Analysis & Rule Application:

• про- /prə/: Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. No consonant clusters break the syllable.
• ти- /tʲɪ/: Open syllable. Rule: Same as above.
• во- /və/: Open syllable. Rule: Same as above.
• по- /pə/: Open syllable. Rule: Same as above.
• ста- /stəˈ/: Stressed, closed syllable. Rule: Stress influences vowel quality. Consonant cluster 'st' is permissible at the beginning of a syllable.
• вив- /vʲɪv/: Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant cluster 'vʲ' is permissible.
• шим- /ʂɨm/: Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant cluster 'ʂ' is permissible.
• ся- /sʲæ/: Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant cluster 'sʲ' is permissible.

7. Edge Case Review:

Russian allows for complex consonant clusters, especially in derived words. The syllable division reflects this, prioritizing vowel nuclei and permissible consonant combinations. Vowel reduction (akan'ye and ikan'ye) affects pronunciation but doesn't alter the syllabification based on orthography.

8. Grammatical Role:

The word functions as a past active participle, modifying a noun. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence.

9. Definition & Semantics:

• Word: противопоставившимся
• Translation: having opposed, having set against, having contrasted
• Part of Speech: Past Active Participle (Adjective)
• Synonyms: противопоставленному, воспротивившемуся
• Antonyms: согласившимся, поддержавшему
• Examples:
  • "Он был человеком, противопоставившимся системе." (He was a man who opposed the system.)
  • "Идеи, противопоставившимся традиционным взглядам, вызвали споры." (Ideas that contrasted with traditional views sparked debate.)

10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, some regional variations might exhibit slight differences in vowel reduction or palatalization. However, these variations generally don't affect the core syllabification.

11. Phonological Comparison:

• противостояние (pro-ti-vo-sto-ya-niye) - 'opposition': Similar prefix and root structure. Syllable division follows the same principles.
• поставивший (po-sta-viv-shiy) - 'having placed': Shares the root '-став-' and similar suffixation. Syllable division is comparable.
• противоположный (pro-ti-vo-po-lozh-nyy) - 'opposite': Contains the prefix 'противо-' and exhibits similar syllable patterns.