Hyphenation ofпротивопоставившихся

Linguistic Analysis of "противопоставившихся" (Russian)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "противопоставившихся" is a complex verbal adjective (past active participle) derived from the verb "противопоставить" (to oppose). Its pronunciation involves a series of consonant clusters and vowel reductions typical of Russian.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, the word is divided as follows (using only original letters):

про-ти-во-по-ста-ви-вш-их-ся

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: про- (Old Slavic, aspectual prefix indicating completion or thoroughness)
• Root: -став- (Indo-European root *stā- meaning "to stand, to set," related to English "stand")
• Suffixes:
  • -и- (infix, part of the verb formation)
  • -вш- (past active participle suffix)
  • -их- (possessive suffix, indicating plural)
  • -ся (reflexive/passive particle, here indicating a completed action affecting the subject)

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the fifth syllable: про-ти-во-по-ста-ви-вш-их-ся.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/prətʲɪvəpəˈstavʲɪvʂɨx sʲæ/

6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:

Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:

• про- /prə/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. No exceptions.
• ти- /tʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Consonant followed by vowel. No exceptions.
• во- /və/ - Open syllable. Rule: Consonant followed by vowel. No exceptions.
• по- /pə/ - Open syllable. Rule: Consonant followed by vowel. No exceptions.
• ста- /stɐ/ - Open syllable, stressed. Rule: Consonant cluster followed by vowel. Stress placement influences vowel quality.
• ви- /vʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Consonant followed by vowel. Palatalization of 'в' due to following 'и'.
• вш- /vʂ/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant cluster ending in a consonant. This is a common pattern in past participles.
• их- /ɪx/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant cluster ending in a consonant.
• ся- /sʲæ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Consonant followed by vowel. Palatalization of 'с' due to following 'я'.

7. Edge Case Review:

The cluster "вш" is a common feature of Russian past participles and doesn't present a significant syllabification challenge. The vowel reduction in unstressed syllables (e.g., 'о' becoming 'ə') is a standard phonetic process and doesn't affect the syllabic structure.

8. Grammatical Role & Syllabification:

The word functions as a past active participle, functioning adjectivally. Syllabification remains consistent regardless of its grammatical role within a sentence.

9. Definition & Semantics:

• Word: противопоставившихся (protivopostavivshikhsya)
• Part of Speech: Past Active Participle (Adjective)
• Definitions:
  • "Having opposed"
  • "Having been set against"
• Translation: "having opposed," "having been contrasted"
• Synonyms: противопоставленных (protivopostavlennykh - having been contrasted), воспротивившихся (vosprivivshikhsya - having resisted)
• Antonyms: согласившихся (soglasivshikhsya - having agreed)
• Examples:
  • "Противопоставившихся кандидатов было несколько." (There were several opposing candidates.)
  • "Их взгляды были противопоставившимися." (Their views were opposing.)

10. Alternative Pronunciations & Regional Variations:

While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, some regional variations might exhibit slight differences in vowel reduction or palatalization. However, these variations generally do not alter the core syllabic structure.

11. Phonological Comparison:

• противоположных (protivopolozhnykh): про-ти-во-по-лож-ных. Similar structure with consonant clusters and vowel reduction.
• поставивших (postavivshikh): по-ста-вив-ших. Shorter, but shares the "вив" cluster and similar stress patterns.
• восстановившихся (vosstanovivshikhsya): вос-ста-но-вив-ших-ся. Longer, but demonstrates the same principles of syllabification around vowel nuclei and handling of consonant clusters.