Hyphenation ofэкспериментально-физиологический
Syllable Division:
эк-спе-ри-мен-таль-но-фи-зи-о-ло-ги-че-ский
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/ɛkspʲɪrʲɪmʲɪnˈtalʲnə fʲɪzʲɪləˈɡʲit͡ɕɪskʲɪj/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
0010001000101
Primary stress falls on the third syllable of 'физиологический' (ло́). The overall stress is influenced by the compound structure.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, onset 'э', rime 'к'
Closed syllable, onset 'сп', rime 'е', palatalization of 'с'
Closed syllable, onset 'р', rime 'и', palatalization of 'р'
Closed syllable, onset 'м', rime 'ен', palatalization of 'м'
Closed syllable, onset 'т', rime 'аль', palatalization of 'т'
Open syllable, onset 'н', rime 'о', vowel reduction
Closed syllable, onset 'ф', rime 'и', palatalization of 'ф'
Closed syllable, onset 'з', rime 'и', palatalization of 'з'
Single vowel syllable
Open syllable, onset 'л', rime 'о'
Closed syllable, onset 'г', rime 'и', palatalization of 'г'
Closed syllable, onset 'ч', rime 'ес'
Closed syllable, onset 'к', rime 'ий', palatalization of 'к'
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: экспериментально-
Derived from Latin 'experimentum', adverbial form modifying 'физиологический'
Root: физио-
From Greek 'physis' (nature), relating to the body
Suffix: -логический
From Greek 'logos' (study), forming an adjective
Relating to both experimental methods and physiological processes.
Translation: Experimental-physiological
Examples:
"экспериментально-физиологические исследования"
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Shares the '-ческий' suffix and similar stress pattern.
Shares the '-ческий' suffix and similar stress pattern.
Shares the '-ческий' suffix and similar stress pattern, though shorter.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Sonority Peak Principle
Syllables are formed around a vowel or diphthong nucleus.
Onset-Rime Structure
Consonants preceding the nucleus form the onset, and consonants following the nucleus form the rime.
Palatalization
Consonants are palatalized before front vowels (е, и, ё, ю, я).
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The hyphenated structure requires considering each part separately but also the overall stress pattern.
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a key feature of Russian pronunciation.
Summary:
The word 'экспериментально-физиологический' is a complex adjective syllabified based on the sonority peak principle and Russian phonological rules. It consists of 13 syllables, with primary stress on the third syllable of 'физиологический'. The word is morphologically derived from Latin and Greek roots, and its pronunciation involves vowel reduction in unstressed syllables.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "экспериментально-физиологический" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "экспериментально-физиологический" is a complex adjective meaning "experimental-physiological." It's a compound word formed by combining two adjectival stems connected by a hyphen. Pronunciation involves careful attention to vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, a common feature of Russian phonology.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize the sonority peak principle (a syllable typically contains a vowel or diphthong as its nucleus), and considering the presence of consonant clusters, the syllable division is as follows (using only original letters):
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- экспериментально- (eksperimental'no-) - Derived from the Latin experimentum (experiment). It's an adverbial form of the adjective экспериментальный (eksperimental'nyy) meaning "experimental." The suffix -льно (-l'no) transforms the adjective into an adverb, which here functions as a modifier.
- физиологический (fiziologicheskiy) - Derived from the Greek physis (nature) and logos (study) via French and German. It means "physiological."
- физио- (fizio-) - Root, relating to the body or nature.
- -логический (-logicheskiy) - Suffix, indicating belonging to the field of study (logos) and forming an adjective.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the third syllable of физиологический: фи-зи-о-ло́-ги-че-ский. The overall stress pattern is complex due to the compound nature of the word.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/ɛkspʲɪrʲɪmʲɪnˈtalʲnə fʲɪzʲɪləˈɡʲit͡ɕɪskʲɪj/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
| Syllable | IPA Transcription | Rule Explanation | Potential Exceptions |
|---|---|---|---|
| эк | /ɛk/ | Onset-Rime: 'э' is the onset, 'к' is the rime. Russian allows for simple onsets. | None |
| спе | /spʲe/ | Onset-Rime: 'сп' is the onset (consonant cluster allowed), 'е' is the rime. Palatalization of 'с' before 'е'. | None |
| ри | /rʲi/ | Onset-Rime: 'р' is the onset, 'и' is the rime. Palatalization of 'р' before 'и'. | None |
| мен | /mʲɪn/ | Onset-Rime: 'м' is the onset, 'ен' is the rime. Palatalization of 'м' before 'е'. | None |
| таль | /talʲ/ | Onset-Rime: 'т' is the onset, 'аль' is the rime. Palatalization of 'т' before 'а'. | None |
| но | /nə/ | Onset-Rime: 'н' is the onset, 'о' is the rime. Vowel reduction in unstressed syllable. | None |
| фи | /fʲɪ/ | Onset-Rime: 'ф' is the onset, 'и' is the rime. Palatalization of 'ф' before 'и'. | None |
| зи | /zʲɪ/ | Onset-Rime: 'з' is the onset, 'и' is the rime. Palatalization of 'з' before 'и'. | None |
| о | /ɔ/ | Single vowel syllable. | None |
| ло | /lɔ/ | Onset-Rime: 'л' is the onset, 'о' is the rime. | None |
| ги | /ɡʲɪ/ | Onset-Rime: 'г' is the onset, 'и' is the rime. Palatalization of 'г' before 'и'. | None |
| чес | /t͡ɕes/ | Onset-Rime: 'ч' is the onset, 'ес' is the rime. | None |
| кий | /kʲɪj/ | Onset-Rime: 'к' is the onset, 'ий' is the rime. Palatalization of 'к' before 'и'. | None |
7. Exceptions & Special Cases (Word-Level):
The hyphenated structure introduces a slight complexity. While each part is syllabified according to standard rules, the overall word's stress pattern is influenced by the combined length and structure.
8. Grammatical Role & Syllabification:
The word functions primarily as an adjective. Syllabification remains consistent regardless of its grammatical role within a sentence.
9. Definition & Semantics:
- экспериментально-физиологический (eksperimental'no-fiziologicheskiy)
- Part of Speech: Adjective
- Definitions:
- "Relating to both experimental methods and physiological processes."
- Translation: "Experimental-physiological"
- Synonyms: None readily available as a single-word equivalent. Descriptive phrases are more common.
- Antonyms: None readily available.
- Examples: "экспериментально-физиологические исследования" (experimental-physiological studies).
10. Regional Variations:
Minor variations in vowel reduction might occur depending on the speaker's dialect, but these wouldn't significantly alter the syllable division.
11. Phonological Comparison:
- биологический (biologicheskiy) - /bʲɪləˈɡʲit͡ɕɪskʲɪj/ - Syllable division: би-о-ло-ги-че-ский. Similar suffix structure, stress pattern.
- психологический (psikhologicheskiy) - /psʲɪxələˈɡʲit͡ɕɪskʲɪj/ - Syllable division: пси-хо-ло-ги-че-ский. Similar suffix structure, stress pattern.
- химический (khimicheskiy) - /xʲɪmʲɪˈt͡ɕeskʲɪj/ - Syllable division: хи-ми-че-ский. Shorter, but shares the "-ческий" suffix and similar stress pattern.
The consistency in syllable division and stress placement across these words demonstrates the regularity of Russian phonological rules. The longer compound word simply applies these rules across a larger structure.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the use of hyphens to join words or parts of words. It plays a crucial role in writing, ensuring clarity and readability.
In compound terms like 'check-in', the hyphen clarifies relationships between words. It also assists in breaking words at line ends, preserving flow and understanding, such as in 'tele-communication'. Hyphenation rules vary; some words lose their hyphens with common usage (e.g., 'email' from 'e-mail'). It's an evolving aspect of language, with guidelines differing across style manuals. Understanding hyphenation improves writing quality, making it an indispensable tool in effective communication.