Hyphenation ofвосемнадцатилетнему

Linguistic Analysis of "восемнадцатилетнему" (Russian)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "восемнадцатилетнему" is a complex adjective in the dative singular masculine gender. It means "to an eighteen-year-old (male)". Its pronunciation involves several vowel reductions typical of unstressed syllables in Russian.

2. Syllable Division:

во-сем-над-ца-ти-лет-не-му

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• вос- (vos-): Prefix, originating from Proto-Slavic *os-, indicating a large quantity or degree. (Function: Intensifier)
• -емь- (-em-): Root, derived from the Proto-Slavic root *semь, meaning "eight". (Function: Numerical base)
• -над- (-nad-): Part of the compound numerical formation, meaning "over" or "beyond". (Function: Numerical modifier)
• -цать (-tsat'): Suffix, forming the numeral "teen". (Function: Numerical suffix)
• -и (-i): Linking vowel, connecting the numeral to the following element. (Function: Grammatical connector)
• -лет- (-let-): Root, meaning "year". (Function: Temporal base)
• -нем (-nem): Suffix, indicating the instrumental/dative case, masculine gender, singular number. (Function: Grammatical case marker)
• -у (-u): Case ending, further specifying the dative case. (Function: Grammatical case marker)

4. Stress Identification:

The stress falls on the third syllable: над.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/vɐˈsʲemnɐdtsətʲɪˈlʲetnʲɪmʊ/

6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:

• во (vo): /vo/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. No consonant clusters prevent division.
• сем (sem): /sʲem/ - Open syllable. Rule: Same as above. Palatalization of 'с' due to following 'е'.
• над (nad): /ˈnad/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Syllable division occurs before and after consonants unless they form a permissible cluster. Stress falls here.
• ца (tsa): /t͡sɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Same as above.
• ти (ti): /tʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Same as above. Palatalization of 'т' due to following 'и'.
• лет (let): /lʲet/ - Open syllable. Rule: Same as above. Palatalization of 'л' due to following 'е'.
• не (ne): /nʲe/ - Open syllable. Rule: Same as above. Palatalization of 'н' due to following 'е'.
• му (mu): /mʊ/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Syllable division occurs before and after consonants. Vowel reduction occurs in unstressed syllables.

7. Edge Case Review:

Russian syllabification is generally straightforward, but vowel reduction in unstressed syllables can complicate phonetic transcription. The palatalization of consonants before front vowels (е, и, ё, ю, я) is a consistent feature.

8. Grammatical Role:

The word is an adjective in the dative singular masculine. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of grammatical function, as the root structure doesn't change.

9. Definition & Semantics:

• восемнадцатилетнему (vosemnadtsatiletnemu)
  • Part of Speech: Adjective
  • Definitions:
    • "to an eighteen-year-old (male)"
    • Translation: "to an eighteen-year-old (male)"
  • Synonyms: None readily available without specifying context.
  • Antonyms: None readily available without specifying context.
  • Examples:
    • "Я подарил книгу восемнадцатилетнему студенту." (Ya podaril knigu vosemnadtsatiletnemu studentu.) - "I gave a book to an eighteen-year-old student."

10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

Minor regional variations in vowel reduction might occur, but the core syllabification remains consistent.

11. Phonological Comparison:

• двадцатьдвухлетнему (dvadtsat'dvukhletnemu) - "to a twenty-two-year-old (male)". Syllabification: двад-цать-двух-лет-не-му. Similar structure, with compound numerals.
• шестнадцатилетнему (shestnadtsatiletnemu) - "to a sixteen-year-old (male)". Syllabification: шест-над-ца-ти-лет-не-му. Similar structure, with compound numerals.
• тринадцатилетнему (trinadtsatiletnemu) - "to a thirteen-year-old (male)". Syllabification: три-над-ца-ти-лет-не-му. Similar structure, with compound numerals.

The syllable structure is consistent across these words, demonstrating the regular application of Russian syllabification rules to compound numerals. The primary difference lies in the initial numeral component (сем, шесть, три), but the subsequent structure remains identical.