Hyphenation ofдвенадцатигранником

Linguistic Analysis of "двенадцатигранником" (dvenadtsatigranikom)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "двенадцатигранником" (dvenadtsatigranikom) is a noun meaning "dodecahedron" or "a thing with twelve faces". It's a relatively complex word, formed through multiple morphological processes. Pronunciation involves careful attention to vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, a common feature of Russian.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):

две-на-дца-ти-гран-ни-ком

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: две- (dve-) - meaning "twelve". Origin: Proto-Slavic. Morphological function: numeral prefix.
• Root: -гран- (-gran-) - meaning "face, side, grain". Origin: Proto-Indo-European. Morphological function: root denoting shape/surface.
• Suffixes: -и- (-i-) - connecting vowel. Origin: Russian. Morphological function: connects the root to the following suffix. -ник- (-nik-) - forming a noun denoting an object or instrument. Origin: Slavic. Morphological function: noun-forming suffix. -ом (-om) - instrumental case ending. Origin: Russian. Morphological function: indicates the instrumental case.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the fifth syllable: гран- (gran-).

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/dvʲɪnɐˈd͡zætʲɪɡrɐˈnʲɪkəm/

6. Edge Case Review:

Russian syllabification generally follows the principle of maximizing onsets. Consonant clusters are usually broken up to create syllables with a single consonant onset. Vowel reduction is significant in unstressed syllables, impacting the phonetic realization but not the orthographic syllable division.

7. Grammatical Role:

The word is a noun. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function (nominative, accusative, instrumental, etc.). The case ending (-ом) simply attaches to the end of the word, maintaining the core syllable structure.

8. Definition & Semantics:

• Word: двенадцатигранник (dvenadtsatigranikom)
• Translation: dodecahedron, a twelve-sided figure.
• Grammatical Category: Noun (masculine, inanimate)
• Synonyms: додекаэдр (dodekaedr - a direct borrowing from Greek)
• Antonyms: (difficult to provide a direct antonym, as it refers to a specific geometric shape)
• Examples:
  • "Ученые изучали свойства двенадцатигранника." (Uchenye izuchali svoystva dvenadtsatigranika.) - "The scientists were studying the properties of the dodecahedron."
  • "Он сделал модель двенадцатигранника из бумаги." (On sdelal model' dvenadtsatigranika iz bumagi.) - "He made a model of the dodecahedron out of paper."

9. Phonological Comparison:

• треугольник (treugol'nik): "triangle" - тре-у-гол'-ник (tre-u-gol'-nik). Similar syllable structure with a consonant cluster broken up. Stress falls on the third syllable.
• четырехугольник (chetyrekhugol'nik): "quadrangle" - че-ты-ре-ху-гол'-ник (che-ty-re-hu-gol'-nik). More syllables, but similar pattern of consonant clusters and vowel reduction. Stress falls on the fifth syllable.
• восьмигранник (vos'migranik): "octahedron" - вось-ми-гран-ник (vos'-mi-gran-nik). Similar structure with a numeral prefix and the "gran" root. Stress falls on the third syllable.

The differences in syllable division are primarily due to the varying number of consonants and vowels within the word. The rule of maximizing onsets is consistently applied.