Hyphenation ofдвенадцатигранникам

Linguistic Analysis of "двенадцатигранникам" (Russian)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "двенадцатигранникам" (dvenadtsatigranikám) is a noun in the dative or prepositional case, singular. It's a relatively complex word formed through compounding and inflection. Pronunciation involves a mix of voiced and voiceless consonants, palatalization, and vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, typical of Russian.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):

две-на-д-ца-ти-гран-ни-кам

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: None
• Root: гран- (gran-) - From Greek granos meaning "grain" or "angle," relating to geometric shapes.
• Suffixes:
  • -ик (-ik) - diminutive suffix, originally Slavic.
  • -а (-a) - part of the compound noun formation.
  • -м (-m) - dative/prepositional case ending.
• Numeral Component: две-на-д-ца-ти (dve-na-d-tsa-ti) - "twelve" (двенадцать - dvenadtsat') - a complex numeral formed from Proto-Slavic roots.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: две-на-д-ца-ти-гра́н-ни-кам.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/dvʲɪnɐˈd͡tsətʲɪɡrɐˈnʲɪkəm/

6. Edge Case Review:

Russian syllabification generally follows the principle of maximizing onsets. Consonant clusters are often broken up, but the goal is to create syllables with a clear beginning and end. The "д" before "ца" is a potential point of division, but it's typically kept with the preceding syllable due to phonetic cohesion.

7. Grammatical Role:

The word is a noun. Syllabification and stress remain consistent across different cases, though vowel reduction in unstressed syllables will vary slightly depending on the case ending.

8. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: A dodecahedron (a polyhedron with twelve faces).
• Grammatical Category: Noun (masculine, inanimate)
• Translation: Dodecahedron
• Synonyms: None readily available (it's a specific geometric term).
• Antonyms: None applicable.
• Examples:
  • "Ученые изучали свойства двенадцатигранника." (Uchonyye izuchali svoystva dvenadtsatigranika.) - "The scientists were studying the properties of the dodecahedron."

9. Phonological Comparison:

• восемнадцатигранникам (vosemnadtsatigranikám): Eighteen-sided figure. Syllable division: во-сем-на-д-ца-ти-гран-ни-кам. Similar structure, but with a longer numeral prefix.
• шестигранникам (shestigranikám): Hexahedron. Syllable division: ше-сти-гран-ни-кам. Shorter numeral prefix, simpler structure.
• треугольникам (treugol'nikam): Triangles (dative plural). Syllable division: тре-у-голь-ни-кам. Different root, but similar inflectional ending.

The differences in syllable division are primarily due to the length and complexity of the numeral prefix. Longer prefixes naturally lead to more syllables. The core structure of gran-nik-am remains consistent across these examples.

Detailed Syllable Analysis:

{
"syllable_analysis": [
    {"syllable": "две", "ipa_transcription": "/dvʲe/", "description": "Open syllable, initial syllable."},
    {"syllable": "на", "ipa_transcription": "/na/", "description": "Open syllable, part of the numeral."},
    {"syllable": "д", "ipa_transcription": "/d/", "description": "Closed syllable, consonant acts as a syllable nucleus."},
    {"syllable": "ца", "ipa_transcription": "/tsa/", "description": "Closed syllable, part of the numeral."},
    {"syllable": "ти", "ipa_transcription": "/tʲi/", "description": "Closed syllable, part of the numeral."},
    {"syllable": "гран", "ipa_transcription": "/ɡran/", "description": "Closed syllable, root of the word."},
    {"syllable": "ни", "ipa_transcription": "/nʲi/", "description": "Closed syllable, part of the suffix."},
    {"syllable": "кам", "ipa_transcription": "/kəm/", "description": "Closed syllable, case ending."}
],
"syllable_division": "две-на-д-ца-ти-гран-ни-кам",
"morphemic_breakdown": {
    "prefix": {"value": null, "additional": "None"},
    "root": {"value": "гран", "additional": "From Greek *granos* meaning 'grain' or 'angle'"},
    "suffix": {"value": "ик-а-м", "additional": "Diminutive suffix -ik, noun-forming suffix -a, dative/prepositional case ending -m"}
},
"phonetic_transcription": "/dvʲɪnɐˈd͡tsətʲɪɡrɐˈnʲɪkəm/",
"stress_pattern": {"value": "00001001", "explanation": "Primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable ('гран')."},
"meanings": [
    {
        "part_of_speech": "noun",
        "definitions": [
            {"definition": "A dodecahedron", "translation": "Dodecahedron", "synonyms": [], "antonyms": [], "examples": ["Ученые изучали свойства двенадцатигранника."]}
        ]
    }
],
"similar_words_comparison": [
    {"word": "восемнадцатигранникам", "syllables": "во-сем-на-д-ца-ти-гран-ни-кам", "reason": "Similar structure with a longer numeral prefix."},
    {"word": "шестигранникам", "syllables": "ше-сти-гран-ни-кам", "reason": "Shorter numeral prefix, simpler structure."},
    {"word": "треугольникам", "syllables": "тре-у-голь-ни-кам", "reason": "Different root, but similar inflectional ending."}
],
"division_rules": [
    {"rule": "Sonority Sequencing Principle", "how": "Syllables are formed to maximize sonority, with a peak (nucleus) typically being a vowel."},
    {"rule": "Onset Maximization", "how": "Consonant clusters are broken up to create syllables with clear onsets, but phonetic cohesion is considered."},
    {"rule": "Numeral Syllabification", "how": "Numeral components are syllabified based on vowel presence and phonetic boundaries."}
],
"special_considerations": ["Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a common feature of Russian pronunciation and affects the phonetic realization of the syllables, but not the orthographic syllable division.", "The 'д' before 'ца' could potentially be considered a separate syllable, but is typically grouped with the preceding syllable due to phonetic cohesion."],
"short_analysis": "The word 'двенадцатигранникам' is a complex noun denoting a dodecahedron. It's syllabified into eight syllables, with stress on the penultimate syllable. The word's structure reflects a combination of numeral components, a Greek-derived root, and Slavic suffixes. Syllable division follows standard Russian rules of sonority sequencing and onset maximization."
}