Hyphenation ofдвенадцатиперстного

Linguistic Analysis of "двенадцатиперстного" (Russian)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "двенадцатиперстного" is a complex adjective derived from a numeral and a noun. It's pronounced with a relatively even stress distribution, though the primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable. The word describes something relating to the duodenum.

2. Syllable Division:

Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):

две-над-ца-ти-перс-т-ного

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• Prefix: две- (dve-) - Indo-European origin, meaning "two". Functions as a numeral prefix.
• Root: -над-цать (-nadtsat') - Slavic origin, forming the numeral "twelve". Functions as a numeral base.
• Suffix: -перст- (-perst-) - Slavic origin, meaning "finger". Forms part of the compound noun "перст" (finger) which is used in the anatomical term for the duodenum.
• Suffix: -н- (-n-) - A linking suffix, common in Russian adjectives.
• Suffix: -ого (-ogo) - Genitive singular masculine/neuter adjective ending. Indicates possession or relation.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: перс-т-ного.

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/dvʲɪnɐˈd͡zatsʲɪˈpʲɛrstnəɡə/

6. Edge Case Review:

Russian syllabification generally follows the principle of maximizing onsets. Consonant clusters are often broken up, but vowel clusters are usually kept together. This word presents a challenge due to the multiple consonant clusters.

7. Grammatical Role:

The word is an adjective in the genitive singular masculine/neuter form. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of case or gender.

8. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: Relating to the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine).
• English Translation: of the duodenum, duodenal
• Grammatical Category: Adjective
• Synonyms: (relating to the small intestine) - тонкокишечный (tonkokishechnyy)
• Antonyms: (none directly applicable)
• Examples:
  • "двенадцатиперстная язва" (dvʲɪnɐˈd͡zatsʲɪˈpʲɛrstnəjə ˈjæzvə) - duodenal ulcer
  • "двенадцатиперстная кишка" (dvʲɪnɐˈd͡zatsʲɪˈpʲɛrstnəjə ˈkʲiʂkə) - duodenum

9. Phonological Comparison:

• восемнадцатилетний (vosemnadtsatiletniy) - eighteen-year-old: во-сем-над-ца-ти-лет-ний. Similar structure with numeral prefix and suffixes. Stress pattern is also similar.
• тринадцатиэтажный (trinadtsatietazhniy) - thirteen-story: три-над-ца-ти-э-таж-ный. Again, numeral prefix and suffixes. Syllable division follows the same principles.
• шестнадцатилетний (shestnadtsatiletniy) - sixteen-year-old: шест-над-ца-ти-лет-ний. Similar syllable structure and stress pattern.

The differences in syllable division arise primarily from the specific consonant clusters present in each word. The rule of maximizing onsets is consistently applied.

10. Division Rules:

• Rule 1: Sonority Sequencing Principle: Consonants are ordered by sonority within a syllable.
• Rule 2: Maximizing Onsets: Syllables prefer to have onsets (initial consonants) whenever possible.
• Rule 3: Vowel as Syllable Nucleus: Each syllable must have a vowel nucleus.
• Rule 4: Consonant Cluster Resolution: Consonant clusters are broken up to create valid syllables, prioritizing sonority.

11. Special Considerations:

The word is relatively straightforward in its syllabification, adhering to standard Russian rules. The main challenge is the length and complexity of the word, leading to multiple consonant clusters.

12. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:

While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, some regional variations might exhibit slight vowel reduction in unstressed syllables. However, this doesn't significantly alter the syllable division.

13. Short Analysis:

"двенадцатиперстного" is a complex Russian adjective meaning "of the duodenum." It's syllabified as две-над-ца-ти-перс-т-ного, with primary stress on the penultimate syllable. The word is formed from a numeral prefix, a root, and several suffixes. Syllable division follows the principles of maximizing onsets and sonority sequencing.