Hyphenation ofинженерно-экономический
Syllable Division:
ин-же-нер-но-эко-но-ми-че-ский
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/ɪnʐɪˈnʲɛrnə‿ɪkəˈnomʲɪt͡ɕɪskʲɪj/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
001010101
Primary stress falls on the third syllable ('нер' - ner) and secondary stress on the sixth syllable ('ми' - mi).
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Closed syllable, initial syllable.
Closed syllable.
Closed syllable, stressed.
Open syllable.
Open syllable.
Open syllable.
Open syllable.
Open syllable.
Closed syllable, final syllable.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix:
None
Root: инженер-
From French 'ingénieur', ultimately from Latin 'ingenium'.
Suffix: -но-экономическ-ий
Combination of adjectival suffixes.
Relating to both engineering and economics; technical-economic.
Translation: Engineering-economic, technical-economic
Examples:
"инженерно-экономическое обоснование"
"инженерно-экономический анализ"
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar syllable structure and suffixation.
Similar suffixation (-ический/-icheskiy).
Similar length and complexity, with a comparable stress pattern.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Open Syllable Preference
Russian favors open syllables (CV) whenever possible.
Consonant Cluster Resolution
Consonant clusters are broken up to create syllables, prioritizing the placement of consonants with following vowels.
Morphemic Boundaries
Syllabification respects morphemic boundaries, but doesn't necessarily split affixes.
Vowel Grouping
Vowel groups are generally kept together within a syllable.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The hyphenated structure requires careful consideration of the compound nature of the word.
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a common feature of Russian pronunciation and can affect the perceived syllable boundaries.
Summary:
The word 'инженерно-экономический' is a complex adjective formed through compounding and suffixation. Syllabification follows Russian rules prioritizing open syllables and resolving consonant clusters. The primary stress falls on the third syllable. The word's meaning relates to both engineering and economics.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "инженерно-экономический" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "инженерно-экономический" (inzhenerno-ekonomicheskiy) is a complex adjective meaning "engineering-economic" or "technical-economic." It's formed through compounding and utilizes several suffixes. Pronunciation involves careful attention to vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, a common feature of Russian.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize open syllables (ending in a vowel) whenever possible, and considering the presence of consonant clusters, the division is as follows (detailed in the JSON output).
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- инженер- (inzhener-) - Root. Origin: Internationalism, from French "ingénieur" (engineer), ultimately from Latin "ingenium" (talent, ingenuity). Morphological function: Denotes the field of engineering.
- -но- (-no-) - Suffix. Origin: Russian. Morphological function: Adjectival suffix forming an adjective from a noun.
- -экономическ- (ekonomichesk-) - Root. Origin: From Greek "oikonomia" (household management), via Latin and French. Morphological function: Denotes the field of economics.
- -ий (-iy) - Suffix. Origin: Russian. Morphological function: Adjectival suffix indicating masculine singular nominative case.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the third syllable: ин-же-не́рно-эко-но-ми́-че-ский.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/ɪnʐɪˈnʲɛrnə‿ɪkəˈnomʲɪt͡ɕɪskʲɪj/
6. Edge Case Review:
The hyphenated structure presents a slight edge case. Each part (инженерно and экономический) could be considered a separate word, but in this case, it functions as a single compound adjective. Syllabification must account for this compound nature.
7. Grammatical Role:
The word primarily functions as an adjective. While it can be used attributively (modifying a noun), its syllabification and stress remain consistent.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: Relating to both engineering and economics; technical-economic.
- Grammatical Category: Adjective
- Translation: Engineering-economic, technical-economic
- Synonyms: технико-экономический (tekhniko-ekonomicheskiy)
- Antonyms: None directly applicable.
- Examples:
- "инженерно-экономическое обоснование" (inzhenerno-ekonomicheskoye obosnovaniye) - technical-economic justification
- "инженерно-экономический анализ" (inzhenerno-ekonomicheskiy analiz) - technical-economic analysis
9. Phonological Comparison:
- автомобильный (avtomobil'nyy): a-vto-mo-bil'-nyy. Similar syllable structure with alternating consonants and vowels. Stress falls on the third syllable.
- географический (geograficheskiy): ge-o-gra-fi-che-skiy. Similar suffixation (-ический/-icheskiy). Stress falls on the third syllable.
- политехнический (politekhnicheskiy): po-li-tekh-ni-che-skiy. Similar length and complexity, with a comparable stress pattern.
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
Minor variations in vowel reduction might occur depending on the speaker's dialect, but the core syllabification remains consistent.
11. Syllable Division Rules:
- Rule 1: Open Syllable Preference: Russian favors open syllables (CV).
- Rule 2: Consonant Cluster Resolution: Consonant clusters are broken up to create syllables, prioritizing the placement of consonants with following vowels.
- Rule 3: Morphological Boundaries: Syllabification respects morphemic boundaries, but doesn't necessarily split affixes.
- Rule 4: Vowel Grouping: Vowel groups are generally kept together within a syllable.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.