Hyphenation ofлиберально-демократический

Linguistic Analysis of "либерально-демократический" (liberal'no-demokratichyeskiy)

1. Examination & Pronunciation:

The word "либерально-демократический" (liberal'no-demokratichyeskiy) is a complex adjective meaning "liberal-democratic." It's formed by compounding two adjective stems connected by a hyphen. Pronunciation involves careful attention to vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, a common feature of Russian phonology.

2. Syllable Division:

li-be-ra-l'no-de-mo-kra-ti-che-skiy

3. Morphemic Analysis:

• либе- (libe-): Prefix, derived from Latin liber ("free"). Function: Indicates a connection to freedom or liberalism.
• -ральн- (-ral'n-): Root, derived from Latin rationalis ("rational"). Function: Forms the core of the "liberal" concept.
• -о (-o): Suffix, grammatical gender marker and part of the adjective formation.
• -демократ- (-demokrat-): Root, derived from Greek dēmokratía ("rule by the people"). Function: Forms the core of the "democratic" concept.
• -ическ- (-ichesk-): Suffix, adjective forming suffix, indicating quality or belonging to.
• -ий (-iy): Suffix, grammatical gender and case ending.

4. Stress Identification:

The primary stress falls on the syllable "-ти-" (-ti-) in "демократический".

5. Phonetic Transcription:

/lʲɪbʲɪˈralʲnə dʲɪmɐˈkratʲɪt͡ɕɪskʲɪj/

6. Edge Case Review:

The hyphenated structure presents a slight edge case. While Russian generally syllabifies based on vowel-consonant patterns, the hyphen forces a division between the two adjective stems. Vowel reduction is significant in unstressed syllables.

7. Grammatical Role:

The word functions primarily as an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its use in a sentence.

8. Definition & Semantics:

• Definition: Relating to or characteristic of political liberalism and democracy.
• Translation: Liberal-democratic
• Grammatical Category: Adjective
• Synonyms: прогрессивный (progressivnyy - progressive), демократический (demokraticheskiy - democratic)
• Antonyms: консервативный (konservativnyy - conservative), авторитарный (avtoritarnyy - authoritarian)
• Examples:
  • "либерально-демократические ценности" (liberal'no-demokraticheskiye tsennosti) - liberal-democratic values
  • "либерально-демократическое правительство" (liberal'no-demokraticheskoye pravitel'stvo) - liberal-democratic government

9. Phonological Comparison:

• "социально-политический" (sotsial'no-politicheskiy): Syllabification: so-tsi-al'-no-po-li-ti-che-skiy. Similar structure with hyphenated compound adjectives. Stress falls on "-ти-".
• "национально-освободительный" (natsional'no-osvoboditel'nyy): Syllabification: na-tsi-o-nal'-no-os-vo-bo-di-tel'-nyy. Again, a hyphenated compound. Stress falls on "-бо-".
• "экономически-эффективный" (ekonomicheski-effektivnyy): Syllabification: e-ko-no-mi-che-ski-ef-fek-tiv-nyy. Demonstrates the consistent application of syllabification rules to complex adjectives. Stress falls on "-ти-".

Syllable Analysis Breakdown:

Division Rules:

• Sonority Sequencing Principle: Consonants are generally grouped with the following vowel.
• Syllable Weight: Syllables ending in consonants are considered "closed" and have greater weight.
• Stress Placement: Stress influences vowel quality and can affect syllabification in some cases.
• Hyphen Rule: The hyphen dictates a syllable break between the two adjective stems.

Special Considerations:

• Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a significant factor in pronunciation and can influence perceived syllable boundaries.
• Palatalization of consonants before vowels affects the phonetic realization of the syllables.
• The hyphenated structure is a morphological feature that overrides typical syllabification rules at that point.

Short Analysis:

The word "либерально-демократический" is a complex adjective syllabified into 11 syllables based on the sonority sequencing principle and syllable weight, with a forced division at the hyphen. The primary stress falls on the syllable "-ти-". The word's morphemic structure reveals its Latin and Greek origins, and its pronunciation is influenced by vowel reduction and consonant palatalization.