Hyphenation ofмелкокристаллические
Syllable Division:
ме-лко-кри-стал-ли-че-ски-е
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/ˈmʲeɫkəkrʲɪs̪tɐˈɫʲit͡ɕɪskʲɪjə/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
00010010
Primary stress falls on the fifth syllable (ли́-).
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial syllable.
Closed syllable, consonant cluster 'лк' divided after 'л'.
Open syllable.
Closed syllable, consonant cluster 'ст' divided after 'с'.
Open syllable.
Open syllable, palatalization of 'ч'.
Open syllable, palatalization of 'с'.
Open syllable, final reduced vowel.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: мел-
Proto-Slavic origin, diminutive/size modifier.
Root: кристалл-
Borrowed from German/Greek, core meaning 'crystal'.
Suffix: -ическ-
Slavic origin, adjective-forming suffix.
Consisting of very small crystals.
Translation: Fine-crystalline, microcrystalline
Examples:
"Мелкокристаллические осадки образовались в результате быстрого охлаждения."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar complex structure with prefixes and suffixes.
Similar complex structure with multiple suffixes.
Similar prefix and suffix structure, consonant cluster handling.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Vowel Nucleus Rule
Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei.
Consonant Cluster Rule
Consonant clusters are broken after the first consonant if a vowel follows.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The 'кст' cluster in 'кристал' is a common loanword pattern.
Palatalization of consonants before 'е' does not affect syllable division.
Summary:
The word 'мелкокристаллические' is an eight-syllable adjective with stress on the fifth syllable. Syllable division follows standard Russian rules, breaking consonant clusters after the first consonant and forming syllables around vowel nuclei. The word is morphologically complex, consisting of a prefix, root, and multiple suffixes.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "мелкокристаллические" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "мелкокристаллические" (melkokristallicheskiye) is a complex adjective meaning "fine-crystalline" or "microcrystalline". It's a relatively long word, and its pronunciation involves several consonant clusters, which influence syllable division.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, the word is divided as follows (using only original letters):
ме-лко-кри-стал-ли-че-ски-е
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: мел- (mel-) - From Proto-Slavic melkъ meaning "small, little". Function: Diminutive/size modifier.
- Root: кристалл- (kristall-) - Borrowed from German "Kristall", ultimately from Greek krustallos meaning "ice". Function: Core meaning relating to crystals.
- Suffix: -ическ- (ichesk-) - A suffix forming adjectives from nouns, indicating belonging to or having the quality of. Origin: Slavic.
- Suffix: -ие (-iye) - A suffix forming adjectives. Origin: Slavic.
- Ending: -е (-e) - Grammatical ending indicating gender, number, and case (nominative plural neuter in this case).
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the fifth syllable: кри-стал-ли́-че-ски-е.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/ˈmʲeɫkəkrʲɪs̪tɐˈɫʲit͡ɕɪskʲɪjə/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
- ме- /mʲe/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. No consonant clusters prevent division here.
- лко- /ɫkə/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant clusters are broken after the first consonant if a vowel follows.
- кри- /krʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei.
- стал- /s̪tɐɫ/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant clusters are broken after the first consonant if a vowel follows.
- ли- /ɫʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei.
- че- /t͡ɕe/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei.
- ски- /skʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei.
- е /jə/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei.
7. Edge Case Review:
The cluster "кст" in "кристал" is a common occurrence in Russian loanwords and is typically divided as shown. The palatalization of consonants before "е" (as in "че") is a standard phonetic feature that doesn't affect syllable division.
8. Grammatical Role:
The word is primarily an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence.
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: мелкокристаллические (melkokristallicheskiye)
- Part of Speech: Adjective
- Definitions:
- Definition: Consisting of very small crystals.
- Translation: Fine-crystalline, microcrystalline.
- Synonyms: мелкозернистые (melkozernistye - fine-grained), микрокристаллические (mikrokristallicheskiye - microcrystalline)
- Antonyms: крупнокристаллические (krupnokristallicheskiye - coarse-crystalline)
- Examples:
- "Мелкокристаллические осадки образовались в результате быстрого охлаждения." (Fine-crystalline precipitates formed as a result of rapid cooling.)
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
There are no significant regional variations in the pronunciation or syllabification of this word.
11. Phonological Comparison:
- быстродействующие (bystroдейstvuyushchiye - fast-acting): бы-стро-дей-ству-ю-щие. Similar structure with prefixes and suffixes. Syllable division follows the same rules.
- общеобразовательные (obshcheobrazovatel'nye - general educational): об-ще-об-ра-зо-ва-тель-ные. Similar complex structure with multiple suffixes.
- высококачественные (vysokokachestvennye - high-quality): вы-со-ко-ка-че-ст-вен-ные. Similar prefix and suffix structure. The consonant clusters are handled similarly.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.