Hyphenation ofнародно-демократический
Syllable Division:
на-ро́д-но-де-мо-кра-ти́-че-ский
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/nɐˈrodnə dʲɪmɐˈkratʲɪt͡sʲɪkʲɪj/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
010001100
Primary stress falls on the third syllable (ро́д) and seventh syllable (ти́).
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, unstressed.
Closed syllable, primary stressed.
Open syllable, unstressed.
Open syllable, unstressed, palatalization.
Open syllable, unstressed, vowel reduction.
Closed syllable, primary stressed.
Open syllable, primary stressed, palatalization.
Open syllable, unstressed, affricate.
Closed syllable, unstressed.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: народно-
Derived from 'народ' (people, folk), Slavic origin, indicates pertaining to the people.
Root: демократическ-
Derived from Greek 'δημοκρατία' (dēmokratía - democracy), Greek origin via international scientific vocabulary, core meaning of 'democracy'.
Suffix: -ий
Adjectival ending, Slavic origin, forms the adjective.
Relating to or characteristic of the people; democratic in a way that emphasizes the will of the people.
Translation: People's democratic, folk-democratic
Examples:
"народно-демократическая революция"
"народно-демократический строй"
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar syllable structure with consonant clusters.
Demonstrates vowel reduction in unstressed syllables.
Shows a similar pattern of open and closed syllables.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Open Syllable Preference
Syllables generally end in vowels. Consonants are assigned to the following vowel.
Stress Assignment
Stress influences syllable prominence and vowel quality.
Consonant Cluster Resolution
Consonant clusters are resolved based on sonority and phonotactic constraints.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The hyphenated structure influences initial syllable division.
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a key feature of Russian pronunciation.
Palatalization of consonants before front vowels.
Summary:
The word 'народно-демократический' is a complex adjective syllabified based on the open syllable principle and stress assignment. It consists of a prefix 'народно-', a root 'демократическ-', and a suffix '-ий'. The primary stress falls on the third and seventh syllables. Vowel reduction and palatalization are important phonetic features.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "народно-демократический" (narodno-demokraticheskiy)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "народно-демократический" (narodno-demokraticheskiy) is a complex adjective meaning "folk-democratic" or "people's democratic." It's formed through compounding and derivation. Pronunciation involves careful attention to vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, a common feature of Russian.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize the open syllable principle (preferring syllables ending in vowels), and considering consonant clusters, the division is as follows (using only original letters):
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- народно- (narodno-): Prefix, derived from "народ" (narod - people, folk). Origin: Slavic. Function: Indicates pertaining to the people.
- демократическ- (demokratichesk-): Root, derived from Greek "δημοκρατία" (dēmokratía - democracy). Origin: Greek via international scientific vocabulary. Function: Core meaning of "democracy."
- -ий (-iy): Suffix, adjectival ending. Origin: Slavic. Function: Forms the adjective.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the third syllable: на-ро́д-но-де-мо-кра-ти́-че-ский.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/nɐˈrodnə dʲɪmɐˈkratʲɪt͡sʲɪkʲɪj/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:
- на (na) - /nɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables generally end in vowels. No exceptions.
- ро́д (rod) - /ˈrod/ - Closed syllable, stressed. Rule: Stress influences syllable prominence. No exceptions.
- но (no) - /ˈno/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables generally end in vowels. Vowel reduction occurs in unstressed syllables.
- де (de) - /dʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables generally end in vowels. Palatalization of 'д' due to following 'е'.
- мо (mo) - /mɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables generally end in vowels. Vowel reduction occurs in unstressed syllables.
- кра (kra) - /ˈkrat/ - Closed syllable, stressed. Rule: Stress influences syllable prominence.
- ти́ (ti) - /ˈtʲɪ/ - Open syllable, stressed. Rule: Stress influences syllable prominence. Palatalization of 'т' due to following 'и'.
- че (che) - /t͡sʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables generally end in vowels. Affricate 'ч' is treated as a single consonant.
- ский (skiy) - /kʲɪj/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant clusters are resolved based on sonority.
7. Edge Case Review:
The hyphenated structure "народно-демократический" presents a slight edge case. While treated as a single word for stress and inflection, the hyphen influences the initial syllable division.
8. Grammatical Role:
As an adjective, the syllabification and stress remain consistent. If used attributively (e.g., "народно-демократическая республика"), the stress pattern doesn't change.
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: народно-демократический (narodno-demokraticheskiy)
- Grammatical Category: Adjective
- Translation: People's democratic, folk-democratic
- Synonyms: общенародный (obshchenarodnyy - all-people's), демократический (demokraticheskiy - democratic)
- Antonyms: антидемократический (antidemokraticheskiy - anti-democratic)
- Examples:
- "народно-демократическая революция" (narodno-demokraticheskaya revolyutsiya - people's democratic revolution)
- "народно-демократический строй" (narodno-demokraticheskiy stroy - people's democratic system)
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
Minor variations in vowel reduction might occur depending on regional accents, but the core syllabification remains consistent.
11. Phonological Comparison:
- автомобиль (avtomobil') - a-vto-mo-bil' - Similar syllable structure with consonant clusters.
- университет (universitet) - u-ni-ver-si-te-t - Demonstrates vowel reduction in unstressed syllables.
- образование (obrazovanie) - o-bra-zo-va-ni-ye - Shows a similar pattern of open and closed syllables.
The differences lie in the specific consonant clusters and vowel qualities, but the underlying syllabification principles (open syllable preference, stress assignment) are consistent across these words.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.