Hyphenation ofнедоброжелательности
Syllable Division:
не-доб-ро-же-ла-тель-но-сти
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/nʲɪˈdobrɐʐɨˈlʲatʲɪlʲnəsʲtʲɪ/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
00001000
Primary stress falls on the fifth syllable ('ла' - la) which is the penultimate syllable.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, unstressed.
Closed syllable, unstressed.
Open syllable, unstressed.
Closed syllable, unstressed.
Open syllable, stressed.
Closed syllable, unstressed.
Open syllable, unstressed.
Closed syllable, unstressed.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: не-
Proto-Slavic origin, negation.
Root: добро-
Proto-Slavic origin, 'good'.
Suffix: -жела- -тель- -но- -сти
Proto-Slavic origins, forming verbal adjective, agent noun, adjectival suffix, and abstract noun respectively.
Ill-will, hostility, unfriendliness, malice.
Translation: Ill-will, hostility, unfriendliness, malice.
Examples:
"Его слова были полны недоброжелательности."
"Она чувствовала недоброжелательность в его взгляде."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar morphemic structure with prefix and multiple suffixes.
Similar prefix and suffix structure.
Similar prefix and suffix structure.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Sonority Principle
Syllables are formed around a sonorant peak (vowel or sonorant consonant).
Consonant Cluster Resolution
Consonant clusters are broken up, with one consonant typically attaching to the preceding syllable and the other to the following syllable.
Prefix/Suffix Boundaries
Prefixes and suffixes generally form separate syllables.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Palatalization of consonants before 'е' and 'я' can influence pronunciation but not syllable division.
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is common but doesn't alter the syllabic structure.
Summary:
The word 'недоброжелательности' is a complex noun formed through prefixation and suffixation. It is divided into eight syllables with stress on the penultimate syllable. Syllabification follows the sonority principle and resolves consonant clusters around vowels. The morphemic structure reveals its Proto-Slavic origins and its meaning of 'ill-will'.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "недоброжелательности" (nedobrozhelatel'nosti)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "недоброжелательности" is a noun meaning "ill-will," "hostility," or "unfriendliness." It's a relatively complex word formed through extensive prefixation and suffixation. Pronunciation involves a series of consonant clusters and vowel reductions typical of Russian.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):
не-доб-ро-же-ла-тель-но-сти
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: не- (ne-) - Origin: Proto-Slavic. Function: Negation.
- Root: добро- (dobro-) - Origin: Proto-Slavic. Function: "good," "kind."
- Suffix: -жела- (-zhela-) - Origin: Proto-Slavic. Function: Derived from the verb "желать" (zhelat') - "to wish, desire." Forms a verbal adjective.
- Suffix: -тель- (-tel') - Origin: Proto-Slavic. Function: Forms an agent noun (one who does something).
- Suffix: -но- (-no-) - Origin: Proto-Slavic. Function: Adjectival suffix.
- Suffix: -сти (-sti) - Origin: Proto-Slavic. Function: Forms an abstract noun.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: не-доб-ро-же-ла́-тель-но-сти.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/nʲɪˈdobrɐʐɨˈlʲatʲɪlʲnəsʲtʲɪ/
6. Edge Case Review:
Russian syllabification prioritizes vowel sounds. Consonant clusters are generally broken up around vowels. The 'j' sound before 'a' in 'жела' is a palatalization, influencing the preceding consonant.
7. Grammatical Role:
The word is exclusively a noun. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its role within a sentence.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: Ill-will, hostility, unfriendliness, malice.
- Grammatical Category: Noun (feminine, singular/plural depending on context).
- Synonyms: враждебность (vrazhdebnost') - hostility, неприязнь (nepriyazn') - dislike.
- Antonyms: доброжелательность (dobrozhelatel'nost') - friendliness, доброта (dobrota) - kindness.
- Examples:
- "Его слова были полны недоброжелательности." (Ego slova byli polny nedobrozhelatel'nosti.) - "His words were full of ill-will."
- "Она чувствовала недоброжелательность в его взгляде." (Ona chuvstvovala nedobrozhelatel'nost' v ego vzglyade.) - "She felt hostility in his gaze."
9. Phonological Comparison:
- добросовестности (dobrosovestnosti): "conscientiousness" - Syllable division: доб-ро-со-вест-но-сти. Similar structure with prefix and multiple suffixes. Stress on the penultimate syllable.
- неблагодарности (neblagodarnosti): "ingratitude" - Syllable division: не-бла-го-дар-но-сти. Similar prefix and suffix structure. Stress on the penultimate syllable.
- безразличности (bezrazlichnosti): "indifference" - Syllable division: без-раз-лич-но-сти. Similar prefix and suffix structure. Stress on the penultimate syllable.
The consistent stress pattern on the penultimate syllable and the similar morphemic structure across these words demonstrate the regularity of Russian syllabification and stress assignment.
10. Division Rules:
- Rule 1: Sonority Principle: Syllables are formed around a sonorant peak (vowel or sonorant consonant).
- Rule 2: Consonant Cluster Resolution: Consonant clusters are broken up, with one consonant typically attaching to the preceding syllable and the other to the following syllable.
- Rule 3: Prefix/Suffix Boundaries: Prefixes and suffixes generally form separate syllables.
11. Special Considerations:
The palatalization of consonants before 'е' (ye) and 'я' (ya) can influence syllable boundaries, but doesn't alter the overall division in this case.
12. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
While the standard pronunciation and syllabification are consistent, some regional variations in vowel reduction might occur, but these do not affect the syllable division.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.