Hyphenation ofпроконтролированного
Syllable Division:
про-кон-тро-ли-ро-ван-но-го
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/prə.kən.trə.lʲɪ.ˈrovən.nə.və.ɡə/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
00001000
Primary stress falls on the fifth syllable ('ро').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, unstressed.
Open syllable, unstressed.
Open syllable, unstressed.
Open syllable, unstressed, palatalization.
Stressed, open syllable.
Open syllable, unstressed.
Open syllable, unstressed, vowel reduction.
Open syllable, unstressed, vowel reduction.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: про-
Proto-Slavic origin, indicates completion.
Root: -контрол-
International origin (Latin via French), core meaning of 'control'.
Suffix: -ированн-ого
Russian verbal and adjectival suffixes forming the passive participle and indicating gender/case.
Controlled, checked, supervised.
Translation: Controlled
Examples:
"Результаты проконтролированного эксперимента."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Shares the root 'контрол-' and similar suffix structure.
Shares the prefix 'про-' and similar suffix structure.
Shares the adjectival suffix '-ого'.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Vowel Nucleus Rule
Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. Each vowel forms the core of a syllable.
Consonant Cluster Rule
Consonant clusters are generally broken up according to sonority, but in this case, the clusters are relatively stable and do not require complex splitting.
Stress Placement Rule
Stress is phonemically distinctive in Russian and influences vowel quality. It is not directly related to syllable division but affects pronunciation within syllables.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a significant feature of Russian phonology.
Palatalization of consonants before 'и' is a common phonetic process.
The length of the word and the presence of multiple suffixes contribute to its complexity.
Summary:
The word 'проконтролированного' is an eight-syllable Russian adjective with stress on the fifth syllable. It's formed from the prefix 'про-', the root 'контрол-', and several suffixes indicating passive voice and grammatical gender/case. Syllabification follows the vowel nucleus rule, with vowel reduction occurring in unstressed syllables.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "проконтролированного" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "проконтролированного" is a long, complex adjective in Russian, derived from the verb "контролировать" (to control). Its pronunciation involves a series of consonant clusters and vowel reductions typical of the language.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: про- (pro-) - Origin: Proto-Slavic. Function: Prefixes the verb, indicating completion or thoroughness.
- Root: -контрол- (-kontrol-) - Origin: International (from French "contrôle", ultimately from Latin "contra rotulus"). Function: Core meaning of "control".
- Suffixes: -ированн- (-irovann-) - Origin: Russian verbal suffix. Function: Forms the passive participle. -ого (-ogo) - Origin: Russian adjectival suffix. Function: Indicates masculine gender, genitive singular case.
- Ending: -ого (-ogo) - Origin: Russian adjectival ending. Function: Indicates masculine gender, genitive singular case.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the fifth syllable: про-кон-тро-ли-ро-ван-но-го.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/prə.kən.trə.lʲɪ.ˈrovən.nə.və.ɡə/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:
- про /prə/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. No exceptions.
- кон /kən/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. No exceptions.
- тро /trə/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. No exceptions.
- ли /lʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. Palatalization of 'л' due to following 'и'.
- ро /ˈrov/ - Stressed, open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. Stress influences vowel quality.
- ван /vən/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. No exceptions.
- но /nə/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. Vowel reduction in unstressed position.
- го /ɡə/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllables are formed around vowel nuclei. Vowel reduction in unstressed position.
7. Edge Case Review:
Russian allows for some flexibility in syllabification, particularly with consonant clusters. However, the breakdown above adheres to the most common and academically accepted rules. The vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a key feature of Russian phonology and affects the pronunciation of several syllables.
8. Grammatical Role:
The word is an adjective in the genitive singular masculine form. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of grammatical case or gender.
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: проконтролированного
- Part of Speech: Adjective
- Definitions:
- Definition: Controlled, checked, supervised.
- Translation: Controlled
- Synonyms: проверенного (proverenogo - verified), надзорного (nadzornogo - supervisory)
- Antonyms: неконтролируемого (nekontroliruemogo - uncontrolled)
- Examples: "Результаты проконтролированного эксперимента." (Results of the controlled experiment.)
- Grammatical Category: Adjective, masculine, genitive singular.
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed above, some regional variations might exhibit slight differences in vowel reduction or palatalization. However, these variations generally do not affect the core syllabification.
11. Phonological Comparison:
- контролировать (kontrolirovat'): кон-тро-ли-ро-вать (kon-tro-li-ro-vat') - Similar syllable structure, stress on the fourth syllable.
- проверенного (proverenogo): про-ве-рен-но-го (pro-ve-ren-no-go) - Similar prefix and suffix structure, stress on the fourth syllable.
- надзорного (nadzornogo): над-зор-но-го (nad-zor-no-go) - Similar suffix structure, stress on the third syllable.
The differences in syllable division and stress are due to the varying lengths and complexities of the root morphemes. The presence of the "ированн" suffix in "проконтролированного" adds extra syllables compared to the other words.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the use of hyphens to join words or parts of words. It plays a crucial role in writing, ensuring clarity and readability.
In compound terms like 'check-in', the hyphen clarifies relationships between words. It also assists in breaking words at line ends, preserving flow and understanding, such as in 'tele-communication'. Hyphenation rules vary; some words lose their hyphens with common usage (e.g., 'email' from 'e-mail'). It's an evolving aspect of language, with guidelines differing across style manuals. Understanding hyphenation improves writing quality, making it an indispensable tool in effective communication.