Hyphenation ofпропагандировавшемуся
Syllable Division:
про-па-ган-ди-ро-ва́-вше-му-ся
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/prəpɐɡɐnʲdʲɪrɐˈvavʂɨm͡sʲæ/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
000001000
The primary stress falls on the sixth syllable ('ва́'). Russian stress is unpredictable and must be learned for each word.
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, onset consonant 'p', nucleus vowel 'o'.
Open syllable, onset consonant 'p', nucleus vowel 'a'.
Closed syllable, onset consonant 'g', nucleus vowel 'a', coda consonant 'n'.
Open syllable, onset consonant 'd', nucleus vowel 'i'.
Open syllable, onset consonant 'r', nucleus vowel 'o'.
Open, stressed syllable, onset consonant 'v', nucleus vowel 'a'.
Closed syllable, onset consonant 'v', nucleus vowel 'ʂ', coda consonant 'e'.
Open syllable, onset consonant 'm', nucleus vowel 'u'.
Open syllable, onset consonant 's', nucleus vowel 'æ'.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: про-
Slavic origin, indicates direction or completion.
Root: паган-
From 'поганый' (pagan), evolved to form the root of 'пропаганда'.
Suffix: -диров-ав-шему-ся
Slavic suffixes forming the past active participle.
Being subjected to propaganda; being propagated to.
Translation: Being propagandized
Examples:
"Книга, пропагандировавшемуся в обществе, вызвала споры."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Shares the same root and prefix, demonstrating consistent syllabification of these elements.
Similar prefix structure, illustrating the application of syllabification rules to prefixes.
Similar suffix structure, showing consistent syllabification of suffixes.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Open Syllable Principle
Russian syllabification aims to create open syllables (CV) whenever possible, avoiding consonant clusters in the nucleus.
Sonority Sequencing
When consonant clusters occur, syllables are divided to follow the principle of increasing sonority (vowels and sonorants are more sonorous than obstruents).
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Vowel reduction (akan'ye/okan'ye) affects pronunciation but not syllabification.
Consonant clusters are common in Russian and require careful application of syllabification rules.
Stress placement is unpredictable and must be memorized for each word.
Summary:
The word 'пропагандировавшемуся' is a complex past active participle syllabified into nine syllables based on the open syllable principle and sonority sequencing. The primary stress falls on the sixth syllable. It is morphologically composed of a prefix, root, and several suffixes, all of Slavic origin. Its meaning relates to being subjected to propaganda.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "пропагандировавшемуся" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "пропагандировавшемуся" is a complex verbal adjective (participle) in Russian, derived from the verb "пропагандировать" (to propagate, to promote). Its pronunciation involves a series of consonant clusters and vowel reductions typical of Russian phonology.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize the open syllable principle (attempting to create syllables with an onset and nucleus, avoiding consonant clusters in the nucleus where possible), the word is divided as follows (see "syllable_division" in the JSON output).
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- про- (prefix): Slavic origin. Function: Adds the meaning of "forward," "through," or "for."
- -паган- (root): From "поганый" (pagan), originally meaning "heathen," but evolved to form the root of "пропаганда" (propaganda).
- -диров- (intermediate suffix): Slavic origin. Function: Forms the verbal noun/root for the verb.
- -ав- (intermediate suffix): Slavic origin. Function: Forms the past active participle stem.
- -шему- (suffix): Slavic origin. Function: Dative singular masculine/neuter past active participle ending.
- -ся (suffix): Slavic origin. Function: Reflexive/passive particle, indicating a process or state.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the sixth syllable: про-па-ган-ди-ро-ва́в-ше-му-ся.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/prəpɐɡɐnʲdʲɪrɐˈvavʂɨm͡sʲæ/
6. Edge Case Review:
Russian syllabification can be complex due to consonant clusters. The rule of "sonority sequencing" (preferring syllables with increasing sonority) is crucial here. Vowel reduction (akan'ye/okan'ye) also affects pronunciation, but not syllabification.
7. Grammatical Role:
The word is a short-form relative adjective (past active participle) in the dative singular masculine/neuter gender. Syllabification remains consistent regardless of grammatical function, though stress can shift in different forms of the verb.
8. Definition & Semantics:
- Definition: Being subjected to propaganda; being propagated to.
- Translation: Being propagandized, being subjected to propaganda.
- Grammatical Category: Past Active Participle (Adjective)
- Synonyms: распространя́вшемуся (rasprostranyavshemusya - being disseminated), агити́ровавшемуся (agitiravshemusya - being agitated/promoted).
- Antonyms: игнори́ровавшемуся (ignoriravshemusya - being ignored).
- Examples:
- "Книга, пропагандировавшемуся в обществе, вызвала споры." (The book, being propagandized in society, caused controversy.)
9. Phonological Comparison:
- пропаганди́ровать (propagandirovat’ - to propagate): про-па-ган-ди-ро-ва́ть. Similar syllable structure, stress on the penultimate syllable of the root.
- распространя́ть (rasprostranyat’ - to disseminate): рас-про-стра-ня́ть. Similar prefix structure, but different root.
- демонстри́ровался (demonstrirovalsya - was demonstrated): де-мон-стри-ро-ва́л-ся. Similar suffix structure, but different root.
The differences in syllable division arise from the varying consonant clusters and vowel qualities within each root.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the use of hyphens to join words or parts of words. It plays a crucial role in writing, ensuring clarity and readability.
In compound terms like 'check-in', the hyphen clarifies relationships between words. It also assists in breaking words at line ends, preserving flow and understanding, such as in 'tele-communication'. Hyphenation rules vary; some words lose their hyphens with common usage (e.g., 'email' from 'e-mail'). It's an evolving aspect of language, with guidelines differing across style manuals. Understanding hyphenation improves writing quality, making it an indispensable tool in effective communication.