Hyphenation ofпротивогосударственную
Syllable Division:
про-ти-во-го-су-дар-стве-нн-ю
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/prətʲɪvɐɡɐsʊdɐrˈstvʲɪnːuju/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
000000101
Primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable ('ю').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, unstressed.
Closed syllable, unstressed, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable, unstressed, vowel reduction.
Open syllable, unstressed, vowel reduction.
Closed syllable, unstressed.
Closed syllable, unstressed.
Closed syllable, unstressed, palatalized consonant.
Geminate consonant syllable.
Closed syllable, stressed.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: про-
Slavic origin, indicates opposition.
Root: государств-
Slavic origin, relates to the state.
Suffix: -енн-ую
Slavic origin, forms passive participle/adjective, feminine singular ending.
Contrary to the state; anti-state.
Translation: anti-state
Examples:
"противогосударственная деятельность"
"противогосударственная пропаганда"
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Shares the root 'государств-' and similar adjectival suffixation.
Shares the prefix 'противо-' and similar syllable structure.
Shares the prefixation pattern and stress on a later syllable.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Onset-Rime
Each syllable consists of an onset (initial consonant(s)) and a rime (vowel and any following consonants).
Consonant Clusters
Consonant clusters are generally maintained within a syllable, unless they are easily separable.
Vowel Reduction
Unstressed vowels are reduced in pronunciation.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Geminate consonant 'нн' is treated as a single syllable.
Palatalization of consonants before 'и' and 'е'.
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a key feature of Russian pronunciation.
Summary:
The word 'противогосударственную' is a complex adjective with nine syllables, stressed on the penultimate syllable. Syllabification follows the onset-rime principle, respecting consonant clusters and accounting for vowel reduction. It's formed through Slavic prefixation and suffixation, denoting a state contrary to the interests of the state.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "противогосударственную" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "противогосударственную" is a long, complex adjective meaning "anti-state" or "contrary to the state." It's formed through extensive prefixation and suffixation. Pronunciation involves careful attention to vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, a common feature of Russian.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: про- (pro-) - Origin: Slavic. Function: Indicates opposition or direction against.
- Root: государств- (gosudarstv-) - Origin: Slavic. Function: Relates to the state, sovereignty. Derived from "государь" (gosudar') - sovereign, ruler.
- Suffix: -енн- (-enn-) - Origin: Slavic. Function: Forms passive participles and adjectives.
- Suffix: -ую (-uyu) - Origin: Slavic. Function: Feminine singular adjectival ending.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: про-ти-во-го-су-дар-стве́н-ную.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/prətʲɪvɐɡɐsʊdɐrˈstvʲɪnːuju/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:
| Syllable | IPA Transcription | Rule Application | Exceptions/Special Cases |
|---|---|---|---|
| про | /prə/ | Onset-Rime: 'п' is the onset, 'ро' is the rime. Syllable weight: Light. | Vowel reduction in unstressed position. |
| ти | /tʲɪ/ | Onset-Rime: 'т' is the onset, 'и' is the rime. Palatalization of 'т' due to following 'и'. | |
| во | /vɐ/ | Onset-Rime: 'в' is the onset, 'о' is the rime. Vowel reduction. | |
| го | /ɡɐ/ | Onset-Rime: 'г' is the onset, 'о' is the rime. Vowel reduction. | |
| су | /sʊ/ | Onset-Rime: 'с' is the onset, 'у' is the rime. | |
| дар | /dar/ | Onset-Rime: 'д' is the onset, 'ар' is the rime. | |
| стве | /stvʲɪ/ | Onset-Rime: 'ст' is the onset, 'ве' is the rime. Palatalization of 'т' due to following 'е'. | |
| нн | /nː/ | Consonant cluster forming a syllable. Geminate consonant. | |
| ю | /ju/ | Onset-Rime: 'й' is the onset, 'у' is the rime. |
7. Edge Case Review:
The geminate 'нн' is a common feature in Russian adjectives formed from verbs. The syllable division respects this cluster. Vowel reduction is a significant factor, impacting the pronunciation of unstressed vowels.
8. Grammatical Role:
The word is primarily an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence.
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: противогосударственную (protivogosudarstvennuyu)
- Translation: anti-state, contrary to the state
- Part of Speech: Adjective
- Synonyms: антиправительственную (antipravitel'stvennuyu - anti-governmental), подрывную (podryvnuyu - subversive)
- Antonyms: государственную (gosudarstvennuyu - state, governmental)
- Examples: "противогосударственная деятельность" (protivogosudarstvennaya deyatel'nost' - anti-state activity), "противогосударственная пропаганда" (protivogosudarstvennaya propaganda - anti-state propaganda).
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed, some regional variations might exhibit slight differences in vowel reduction or palatalization. However, these variations generally do not affect the core syllable division.
11. Phonological Comparison:
- государственный (gosudarstvennyy): го-су-дар-стве́н-ный. Similar syllable structure, stress on the penultimate syllable.
- противозаконный (protivozakonnyy): про-ти-во-за-ко́н-ный. Similar prefix and syllable structure, stress pattern.
- незаконнорожденный (nezakonnorozhdennyy): не-за-ко́н-но-ро-жде́н-ный. More complex, but shares the prefixation pattern and stress on a later syllable.
The differences in syllable division arise from the varying lengths and complexities of the root and suffixes. The core principles of Russian syllabification – onset-rime structure and respecting consonant clusters – remain consistent across these words.
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