Hyphenation ofпротивосифилитическом
Syllable Division:
про-ти-во-си-фи-ли-ти-че-ском
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/prətʲɪvɐsʲɪfʲɪlʲɪˈtʲit͡ɕɪskəm/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
000000100
Primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable ('ти' in 'ли-ти́-че-ском').
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, onset 'п', rime 'ро' with vowel reduction.
Open syllable, onset 'т', rime 'и', palatalization of 'т'.
Open syllable, onset 'в', rime 'о' with vowel reduction.
Open syllable, onset 'с', rime 'и', palatalization of 'с'.
Open syllable, onset 'ф', rime 'и', palatalization of 'ф'.
Open syllable, onset 'л', rime 'и', palatalization of 'л'.
Open syllable, onset 'т', rime 'и', palatalization of 'т'.
Open syllable, affricate onset 'т͡ɕ', rime 'е'.
Closed syllable, onset 'с', rime 'к'.
Closed syllable, onset 'м', rime 'о' with vowel reduction.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: противо-
Proto-Slavic origin, meaning 'against'.
Root: сифил-
From French 'syphilis', ultimately from Greek 'syphilis'.
Suffix: -итическ-ом
Adjectival suffix derived from Greek -ikos, plus instrumental case ending.
Relating to or used in the treatment or prevention of syphilis.
Translation: anti-syphilitic
Examples:
"противосифилитическое лечение"
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Shares the 'противо-' prefix and complex suffixation.
Shares the 'анти-' prefix and complex suffixation.
Shares the 'противо-' prefix and complex suffixation.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Onset-Rime
Syllables are formed based on the consonant-vowel structure, with consonants forming the onset and vowels forming the rime.
Vowel Reduction
Unstressed vowels are reduced to schwa (/ə/) or other reduced forms.
Palatalization
Consonants are palatalized before the vowel 'и'.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Consonant clusters are permissible in Russian, requiring careful analysis.
Vowel reduction is a significant feature of Russian pronunciation.
Palatalization of consonants influences syllable structure.
Summary:
The word 'противосифилитическом' is a complex adjective with ten syllables, divided based on onset-rime structure, vowel reduction, and palatalization rules. The stress falls on the penultimate syllable. It's morphologically composed of a prefix, root, and multiple suffixes.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "противосифилитическом" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "противосифилитическом" is a complex adjective meaning "against syphilis" or "anti-syphilitic." It's a relatively uncommon word, primarily found in medical contexts. Pronunciation involves a series of consonant clusters and vowel reductions typical of Russian.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: противо- (protivo-) - From Proto-Slavic protivo, meaning "against, opposite." Function: Indicates opposition or counteraction.
- Root: сифил- (sifil-) - From French syphilis, ultimately from Greek syphilis. Function: Denotes the disease syphilis.
- Suffix: -итическ- (-itichesk-) - A suffix forming adjectives denoting a quality or relation to something. Origin: Derived from Greek -ikos.
- Suffix: -ом (-om) - Instrumental case ending. Function: Indicates the instrument or means by which something is done.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable: про-ти-во-си-фи-ли-ти́-че-ском.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/prətʲɪvɐsʲɪfʲɪlʲɪˈtʲit͡ɕɪskəm/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:
| Syllable | IPA Transcription | Rule Application | Exceptions/Special Cases |
|---|---|---|---|
| про | /prə/ | Onset-Rime: 'п' forms the onset, 'ро' forms the rime. Russian allows consonant clusters at the beginning of syllables. | Vowel reduction of 'о' to /ə/ in unstressed position. |
| ти | /tʲɪ/ | Onset-Rime: 'т' forms the onset, 'и' forms the rime. Palatalization of 'т' due to following 'и'. | |
| во | /vɐ/ | Onset-Rime: 'в' forms the onset, 'о' forms the rime. Vowel reduction of 'о' to /ɐ/ in unstressed position. | |
| си | /sʲɪ/ | Onset-Rime: 'с' forms the onset, 'и' forms the rime. Palatalization of 'с' due to following 'и'. | |
| фи | /fʲɪ/ | Onset-Rime: 'ф' forms the onset, 'и' forms the rime. Palatalization of 'ф' due to following 'и'. | |
| ли | /lʲɪ/ | Onset-Rime: 'л' forms the onset, 'и' forms the rime. Palatalization of 'л' due to following 'и'. | |
| ти | /tʲɪ/ | Onset-Rime: 'т' forms the onset, 'и' forms the rime. Palatalization of 'т' due to following 'и'. | |
| че | /t͡ɕɛ/ | Onset-Rime: 'т' and 'ч' form a single affricate onset /t͡ɕ/, 'е' forms the rime. | |
| ск | /sk/ | Onset-Rime: 'с' forms the onset, 'к' forms the rime. | |
| ом | /əm/ | Onset-Rime: 'м' forms the onset, 'о' forms the rime. Vowel reduction of 'о' to /ə/ in unstressed position. |
7. Edge Case Review:
The word contains several consonant clusters, which are permissible in Russian but require careful consideration during syllabification. The palatalization of consonants before 'и' is a crucial feature.
8. Grammatical Role:
The word is an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function within a sentence.
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: противосифилитическом
- Translation: anti-syphilitic
- Part of Speech: Adjective
- Definitions:
- Relating to or used in the treatment or prevention of syphilis.
- Synonyms: (Limited due to the specific nature of the word) - антисифилитический (antisifiliticheskiy)
- Antonyms: (Not applicable)
- Examples:
- "противосифилитическое лечение" (protivosifiliticheskoye lecheniye) - anti-syphilitic treatment.
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed above, slight variations in vowel reduction might occur depending on the speaker's dialect. However, these variations wouldn't significantly alter the syllable division.
11. Phonological Comparison:
| Word | Syllables | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| противовоспалительное (protivovospalitel'noye) | про-ти-во-во-спа-ли-тель-но-е | Similar prefix (противо-) and complex suffixation. |
| антибактериальное (antibakterial'noye) | ан-ти-бак-те-ри-аль-но-е | Similar prefix (анти-) and complex suffixation. |
| противогрибковое (protivogribkovoye) | про-ти-во-гриб-ко-во-е | Similar prefix (противо-) and complex suffixation. |
These words share similar morphological structures and syllabification patterns due to the common prefixes and suffixes used in forming adjectives related to medical treatments. The presence of consonant clusters and vowel reduction is also consistent across these examples.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.