Hyphenation ofпротивотуберкулезная
Syllable Division:
про-ти-во-ту-бер-ку-ле-з-на-я
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/prətʲɪvɐtʊbʲɪrkʊlʲɪˈznəjə/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
0000100000
Primary stress falls on the fifth syllable (бер).
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial syllable.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable, unstressed vowel reduction.
Open syllable.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant, stressed syllable.
Open syllable.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant.
Closed syllable, consonant cluster separation.
Open syllable, unstressed vowel reduction.
Open syllable, final syllable.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: про-
Proto-Slavic origin, denotes opposition.
Root: туберкулез-
International scientific vocabulary, from Latin 'tuberculum'.
Suffix: -ная
Slavic origin, adjectival suffix.
Relating to the prevention or treatment of tuberculosis.
Translation: Anti-tuberculosis, antitubercular
Examples:
"противотуберкулезная кампания"
"противотуберкулезные препараты"
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar vowel-consonant alternation and syllable structure.
Complex structure with consonant clusters.
Pattern of open and closed syllables.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Vowel-Initial Syllable Division
Syllable division occurs before each vowel.
Consonant Cluster Separation
Consonant clusters are broken up, with each consonant initiating a new syllable if possible.
Palatalization Influence
Palatalization of consonants influences syllable structure and pronunciation.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
The 'зн' consonant cluster is separated into two syllables, a standard practice in Russian syllabification.
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables is a key feature of Russian pronunciation.
Summary:
The word 'противотуберкулезная' is a complex Russian adjective divided into ten syllables. It follows standard Russian syllabification rules, prioritizing vowel-initial syllable division and separating consonant clusters. The primary stress falls on the fifth syllable. The word's morphemic structure reveals its origin and meaning related to anti-tuberculosis measures.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "противотуберкулезная" (protivotuberkuleznaya)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "противотуберкулезная" (protivotuberkuleznaya) is a complex adjective in Russian, meaning "anti-tuberculosis" or "antitubercular." It's a relatively long word with several morphemes and presents some challenges in syllabification due to consonant clusters. The pronunciation involves palatalization and vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, typical of Russian.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, the word is divided as follows (using only original letters):
про-ти-во-ту-бер-ку-ле-з-на-я
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: про- (pro-) - Origin: Proto-Slavic. Function: Denotes opposition, direction "against".
- Root: туберкулез- (tuberkulez-) - Origin: International scientific vocabulary, from "tuberculosis" (Latin tuberculum - small swelling). Function: Core meaning related to tuberculosis.
- Suffix: -ная (-naya) - Origin: Slavic. Function: Adjectival suffix, forming a qualitative adjective.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the fifth syllable: ту-бер-ку-ле́з-на-я.
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/prətʲɪvɐtʊbʲɪrkʊlʲɪˈznəjə/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:
- про- /prə/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division generally occurs before a vowel. No exceptions.
- ти- /tʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. Palatalization of 'т' due to following 'и'.
- во- /vɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. Vowel reduction is expected in unstressed position.
- ту- /tʊ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel.
- бер- /bʲɪr/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. Palatalization of 'б' due to following 'и'.
- ку- /kʊ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel.
- ле- /lʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. Palatalization of 'л' due to following 'и'.
- з- /z/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant clusters are generally broken up, with each consonant initiating a new syllable if possible.
- на- /nə/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. Vowel reduction in unstressed position.
- я /jə/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel.
7. Edge Case Review:
The consonant cluster "зн" (zn) could potentially be treated differently in some analyses, but the standard approach in Russian syllabification is to separate them into distinct syllables, especially given the length of the word.
8. Grammatical Role:
As an adjective, the syllabification and stress remain consistent. If the word were hypothetically used as a base for a noun (which is rare), the stress might shift depending on the declension.
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: противотуберкулезная (protivotuberkuleznaya)
- Translation: Anti-tuberculosis, antitubercular
- Part of Speech: Adjective
- Synonyms: антитуберкулёзный (antituberkulyoznyy)
- Antonyms: (related to tuberculosis) туберкулёзный (tuberkulyoznyy) - tuberculous
- Examples:
- противотуберкулезная кампания (protivotuberkuleznaya kampaniya) - anti-tuberculosis campaign
- противотуберкулезные препараты (protivotuberkuleznye preparaty) - anti-tuberculosis drugs
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
While the standard pronunciation is as transcribed above, some regional variations might exhibit slight differences in vowel reduction or palatalization. However, these variations generally do not affect the core syllabification.
11. Phonological Comparison:
- безопасность (bezopasnost') - "safety" - бе-зо-пас-ность. Similar syllable structure with vowel-consonant alternation.
- ответственность (otvetstvennost') - "responsibility" - от-вет-ствен-ность. Similar complex structure with consonant clusters.
- необходимость (neobkhodimost') - "necessity" - не-об-хо-ди-мость. Similar pattern of open and closed syllables.
The differences in syllable division arise from the specific consonant clusters and vowel sequences within each word, but the underlying principles of Russian syllabification remain consistent.
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