Hyphenation ofпятидесятиградусному
Syllable Division:
пя-ти-де-ся-ти-гра-дус-но-му
Phonetic Transcription:(how the word sounds using IPA symbols)
/pʲɪtʲɪdʲɪˈsʲætʲɪɡrɐˈdusnəmʊ/
Stress Pattern:(which syllables are emphasized when speaking)
000001001
Primary stress falls on the syllable 'дус' (dus).
Syllables are the building blocks of words - each one typically contains a vowel sound
Open syllable, initial syllable.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable, palatalized consonant.
Open syllable, root component.
Closed syllable, stressed syllable.
Open syllable, part of the suffix.
Closed syllable, inflectional ending.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful parts of words: prefixes (beginning), roots (core meaning), and suffixes (ending)
Prefix: пяти-
From Proto-Slavic *pętь* meaning 'five', indicates quantity.
Root: десят-
From Proto-Slavic *desętь* meaning 'ten'
Suffix: -му
Dative singular ending for masculine/neuter adjectives.
Relating to a temperature of fifty degrees.
Translation: fifty-degree
Examples:
"Вода была пятидесятиградусному."
Words with similar syllable patterns or pronunciation features
Similar structure, same suffix and root.
Similar structure, same suffix and root.
Similar structure, same suffix and root.
The linguistic principles used to determine where syllables begin and end
Open Syllable Principle
Syllable division generally occurs before a vowel.
Sonority Hierarchy
Consonant clusters are broken based on sonority, but morphemic boundaries are considered.
Important exceptions or unusual features in this word's pronunciation or structure
Long consonant clusters require careful consideration of morphemic boundaries.
Vowel reduction in unstressed syllables can vary regionally.
Summary:
The word 'пятидесятиградусному' is a complex Russian adjective meaning 'fifty-degree'. It's syllabified based on the open syllable principle, with stress on '-дус-'. The word is formed through compounding and inflection, with a prefix, root, interfix, suffix, and inflectional ending. Syllable division is consistent with similar words in Russian.
Detailed Analysis:
Linguistic Analysis of "пятидесятиградусному" (Russian)
1. Examination & Pronunciation:
The word "пятидесятиградусному" is a complex adjective in Russian, meaning "fifty-degree" (in the dative singular case). It's formed through compounding and inflection. Pronunciation involves a series of consonant clusters and vowel reductions typical of Russian.
2. Syllable Division:
Following Russian syllabification rules, which prioritize the open syllable principle (preferring syllables to end in a vowel), and considering sonority hierarchies, the word breaks down as follows (using only original letters):
3. Morphemic Analysis:
- Prefix: пяти- (pyati-) - From the Proto-Slavic pętь meaning "five". Indicates the quantity "five".
- Root: десят- (desyat-) - From Proto-Slavic desętь meaning "ten". Forms the base for numbers related to ten.
- Interfix: -и- (-i-) - Connects the root and the following component, forming a compound number.
- Root: град- (grad-) - From Proto-Slavic gradъ meaning "degree".
- Suffix: -усно- (-usno-) - Derived from уст (ust) meaning "mouth" or "degree" (in temperature context). Forms an adjective indicating a degree of something.
- Suffix: -му (-mu) - Dative singular ending for masculine/neuter adjectives.
4. Stress Identification:
The primary stress falls on the syllable "-дус-".
5. Phonetic Transcription:
/pʲɪtʲɪdʲɪˈsʲætʲɪɡrɐˈdusnəmʊ/
6. Syllable Breakdown & Rule Application:
Here's a detailed breakdown of each syllable, with IPA transcription, rule application, and potential exceptions:
- пя- /pʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division generally occurs before a vowel. Exception: Palatalization of the consonant /p/ influences the vowel quality.
- ти- /tʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. Palatalization of /t/.
- де- /dʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. Palatalization of /d/.
- ся- /sʲætʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. Palatalization of /s/.
- ти- /tʲɪ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. Palatalization of /t/.
- гра- /ɡrɐ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel.
- дус- /dus/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Consonant clusters are generally broken before vowels, but in this case, "дус" forms a recognizable morpheme. This syllable receives the stress.
- но- /nɔ/ - Open syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel.
- му /mʊ/ - Closed syllable. Rule: Syllable division before a vowel. This is the inflectional ending.
7. Edge Case Review:
The word presents a challenge due to the long consonant clusters and the compounding nature of the word. The division between "ти" and "гра" could be debated, but the morphemic structure supports the chosen division.
8. Grammatical Role:
The word is an adjective. Syllabification and stress remain consistent regardless of its grammatical function (e.g., if it were used in a different case).
9. Definition & Semantics:
- Word: пятидесятиградусному
- Translation: fifty-degree (dative singular, masculine/neuter)
- Part of Speech: Adjective
- Definitions: Relating to a temperature of fifty degrees.
- Synonyms: (depending on context) - полусотенноградусному (half-hundred-degree)
- Antonyms: (depending on context) - низкоградусному (low-degree)
- Examples:
- "Вода была пятидесятиградусному." (The water was fifty degrees.)
10. Alternative Pronunciations/Regional Variations:
Vowel reduction is common in unstressed syllables in Russian. The degree of reduction can vary regionally. Some speakers might pronounce unstressed "о" as a weaker /ɐ/ sound. This doesn't significantly alter the syllable division.
11. Phonological Comparison:
- двадцатиградусному (twenty-degree): д-ва-дца-ти-гра-дус-но-му. Similar structure, stress on "-дус-".
- тридцатиградусному (thirty-degree): т-ри-дца-ти-гра-дус-но-му. Similar structure, stress on "-дус-".
- сорокаградусному (forty-degree): с-о-ро-ка-гра-дус-но-му. Similar structure, stress on "-дус-".
The consistency in stress placement and syllable structure across these words demonstrates the regular application of Russian syllabification rules. The initial number component varies, but the core structure remains the same.
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What is hyphenation
Hyphenation is the process of splitting words into syllables and inserting hyphens between them to facilitate the reading of a text. It is also used to divide words when the word cannot fit on a line.
This technique is particularly helpful in fully justified texts, where it aids in creating a uniform edge along both sides of a paragraph. Hyphenation rules vary among languages and even among different publications within the same language. It's a critical component in typesetting, significantly influencing the aesthetics and readability of printed and digital media. For instance, in compound adjectives like 'long-term solution', hyphens clarify relationships between words, preventing misinterpretation. Moreover, hyphenation can alter meanings: 'recreation' differs from 're-creation'.
With the advent of digital text, hyphenation algorithms have become more sophisticated, though still imperfect, sometimes requiring manual adjustment to ensure accuracy and coherence in text layout. Understanding and correctly applying hyphenation rules is therefore not only a matter of linguistic accuracy but also a key aspect of effective visual communication.